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I．Title: A Study on the Differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese

  标题：研究英语和中文主题和主语的差异

II. Introduction

 引言

Chinese grammar system, in one sense, is basically an imitation of western grammar systems. But when we put into pratice , many Chinese grammarians have found that the rules of the westernized languages do not hold water. Therefore, many disputes and controversies have arisen,especially the differences of Topics and Subjects in English and Chinese .

汉语语法系统,从某种意义上来说,基本上是一个模仿西方语法系统。但当我们付诸实践,许多中国语法学家已经发现,西化的规则语言不成立。因此,许多纠纷和争议产生,尤其是主题和主语的差异在英语和中文。

 It is necessary to combine the traditional research on Chinese grammar with the contemporary western theory of grammar, so that it can help our Chinese grammar research joint the mainstream of Linguistics worldwide and bring the two way together---try to find the universal grammar. We believe that, the process in conformity is not always Smooth and pleasant, but the results are supposed to benefit China and the world finally .

有必要把传统汉语语法与当代西方语法理论结合起来研究,以便它可以帮助我们的汉语语法研究联合全世界的主流语言学和把两个方法结合起来- - - -要找到普遍语法。我们相信,整合的过程并不总是那么顺利和愉快的,但是结果最后应该有利于中国和世界。

III. literature review

Subject and topic as two basic concepts in modern Linguistics , their relationship is considered as the crucial research project and heated topic in Linguistics.

1, Subject is originated form the western grammar systems . In general linguistics , many scholars are trying to give a current concept to subject . According to the research on all kinds of languages around the world , Keenan(1976) summerized the grammatical,semantic and textual features that subject has . The following are conclusion Trask(1993:266) made from all kinds of documents including Keenan(1976)

Subject is the noun phrase that probably has the most prominent feature in syntactic relation in sentence. Subject has all kinds of features in grammar, syntatics and text , mainly consisting of:

 1 Subject represents independent substance;

2 Subject restricts the co-reference in sentence, including pronoun, reflexive pronoun and null anaphor;

3 Subject restricts the agreement in verbs;

4 Subject is the topic with no mark;

5 Subject can be questioned by interrogative pronoun,and also can be focused.

6 Subject is usually lack of morphological markers.

7 Subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure.

His conclusion may be more suitable to describe the characters of western languages . Concerning Chinese, part of the descrition fail to reflect the linguistic fact in Chinese. For example, Trask thought that subject is the topic with no mark . He neglected of pragmatic feature of topic . Because we can’t confirm whether the subject is equal to the topic in a single sentence. And he also thought that subject is ususlly considered as the actor of unmarked structure, which is not accord to the fact in our Chinese .As in Chinese , not only actor, but also patient, instrument, timing and location can act as subject in sentence.

  2 , In 2001, Shi Yuzhi tried to conclude about the subject ’s characteristers in form in Chines本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。