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erefore, the representation of a language could notonly refer to the extensive meaning of an object but also point towards language itself,such as the phonetic, morphological and semantic meaning.
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Chapter Three Theoretical Background............20
3.1 Relevance Theory........20
3.2 The Criteria of Relevance Theory..........24
3.3 The Communicative Principle of Relevance Theory........26
3.4 Summary............27
Chapter Four Triggers of Deferred Ostension in Metalinguistic Negation............29
4.1 Semantic Triggers........30
4.2 Syntactic Triggers....... 31
4.2.1 Cleft Sentence.... 314.2.2 Parallel clauses ........... 32
4.3 Phonetic Triggers........ 33
4.3.1 Focus Stress....... 334.3.2 Homonym.......... 33
4.4 Punctuative Triggers............ 34
4.5 Triggers of Diction...... 35
4.5.1 Metonymy.......... 35
4.5.2 Metaphor............ 36
4.6 Summary............ 37
Chapter Five The Application of Relevance Theory to the Triggers of DeferredOstension......... 38
5.1 Ostensive-inferential Process and Triggers of Deferred Ostension ...... 38
5.2 Principles of Relevance Theory and Triggers of Deferred Ostension...... 40
5.3 Summary............ 50

Chapter FiveTheApplication of Relevance Theory to the Triggers ofDeferred Ostension in Metalinguistic Negation

5.1 Ostensive-inferential Process and Triggers of Deferred Ostension inMetalinguistic Negation
As far as communication is concerned, Grice (1975) regards it as inferentialcommunication in the conversational implicate theory. In 1985, Sperber and Wilsonfurther developed the concept of communication, putting forward the concept ofRelevance Theory which defines communication as ostensive-inferential act andproposing that a successful communication is symbolized by the realization ofcommunicative intention of speakers. In terms of speaker, communication is a processof ostension. However, from the perspective of hearer, communication is a course ofinference. Evidently, ostension and inference are two sides of the same communicativeact. According to Relevance Theory, the ostensive-inferential modal is an act ofsearching optimal relevance. In the process of communicating, speakers produceostensive stimulus or behaviors which are mutually manifest to speakers and hearers.By abiding the rules of optimal relevance and analyzing ostensive stimulus, hearersmake contextual assumptions, draw inference and achieve adequate contextual effectwith minimal effort. Under such circumstances, “stimulus plays the role of ostensionand the purpose of it is to change the cognitive environment of hearers and get newcontextual assumptions” (Xu Ju, 2000).Ostension is a method of expression. Every use of language presents multipleostension. Some are direct ostension and others are deferred ostension. In terms of thetype of ostension, it made up of informative intention and communicative intention.(XuJu, 2000) Informative intention also named literal meaning of an utterance. It is not thecommunicators` intended content. What they care about is whether his communicativeintention has been successfully expressed or not. In terms of communicative intention, itis the one that was made mutually manifested to speakers and hearers, from whichhearers know that the speaker has an informative intention to express. The main purposeo