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ce served in the Custom but in 1848, because of the political conflicts or difference with the official, he resigned the work and devoted to writings during which he brought out his masterpiece the influential works The Scarlet Letter, which gained great favor.
 
1.2 The Scarlet Letter
The Scarlet Letter was written in the 19th century, the setting of it was in the 17th century in Boston. It was once said by Laurence “a real and complete folk story, but displayed the hell’s flavor”.(Elliott,1998:102)This novel was about the struggle three people face while trying to live their lives and find happiness in a Puritan society. It told the story like this. In the early 1640s, Hester has come to the small town of Boston, Massachusetts, from Great Britain, while her husband, Chillingworth has left to deal with something .But after then, there is no news about him and nobody know whether he is alive or not for two years. Then Hester and Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, the town's priest, engages in the act of adultery and produce a baby girl named Pearl. Although only Hester know that Dimmesdale is the father, she has promised Dimmesdale not to reveal his identity. Hester is put on display in front of the entire town in order to punish her, and to also serve as an illustration to the town's people from sinning. She is then put in jail with the baby for a few months and forced to wear a scarlet letter “A” which stands for “Adultery” forever. Hester’s husband, Roger Chillingworth, who had been captured by Native American Indians on his way to New England and held in captivity for two years, escapes and enters the town of Boston. After learning of what Hester had done, Chillingworth poses as a doctor and vows to discover the identity of Hester’s partner in sin. Hester agrees to keep his true identity a secret, too. “From main idea of this story, it’s easy for us to see the fact that it exposed gloomy and despicable repulsion of human nature and at the same time extolled glorious soul by portraying the dark reality under Puritanism in the 17th century.”(Horton,1998:45)
 
 2. Reasons of Loneliness in The Scarlet Letter
2.1 Social and cultural backgrounds of the novel
The Scarlet Letter was written in the 19th century, the setting of the Scarlet Letter is in the 17thcentury in Boston. At the beginning of 17th century a group puritans fled to America to escape the prosecution of England Church and to the north Plymouth in the area around Boston. But even though they came to America out of various reasons, but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious, religious people, advocating highly religious and moral principles, they believed that the church should be restored to complete “purity”, thus church was the cornerstone of the 17th century life in New England, the puritan life style was restrained and rigid. Many laws were enacted in Boston; the custom of labeling a criminal with words or initials expositive of his political or religious offense is so ancient in the puritan communities. Once the human sinned, the sinners were never spared, either in publicity or punishment. Keen justice made the magistrate rigid and enact in the exposition and publication of crime, hence the labeling of an offender. However， the most severe punishment for those sinners is the isolation from the society or the community or she lives in.

2.2 Nathaniel Hawthorn’s loneliness and puritanism complex
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