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ts of soil into the Blue Nile and into Egypt，along with sediment(沉积)from the White Nile．
Blue Nile mud has a different isotope(同位素)signature from that of the white Nile．So by analyzing isotope differences in mud deposited in the Nile Delta．Michael Krom of Leeds
University worked out what proportion of sediment came from each branch of the river．
Krom reasons that during periods of drought，the amount of Blue Nile mud in the river
would be relatively high．He found that one of these periods，from 4500 to 4200 years ago。
immediately came before the fall of the Egypt's old Kingdom．
The weakened waters would have been disaster for the Egyptians．‘‘Changes that affect food supply don't have to be very large to have a ripple(波浪)effect in societies，"says Bill Ryan of the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory in New York．
Similar events today could be even more devastating，says team member Daniel Stanley．a
scientist from the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D．C．"Anything humans do to shift the climate belts would have an even worse effect along the Nile system today because the
populations have increased dramatically．"
36 Why does the author mention "Egypt's mighty pyramid builders''?
A Because they once worked miracles．
B Because they were well-built．
C Because they were actually very weak．
D Because even they were unable to rescue their civilization．
37 Which of the following factors was ultimately responsible for bringing down the
civilization of ancient Egypt?
A Change of climate．
B Corrulption．
C flood．
D Population growth．
38 which of the following statements is true?
A The White Nile is the trunk of the River Nile．
B The White Nile is the trunk of the Blue Nile．
C The White Nile is a branch of the Blue Nile．
D The White Nile is a branch of the River Nile．
39 According to Krom，the Egypt's o1d Kingdom fell
A immediately after a period of drought．
B immediately after a period of flood．
C just before a drought struck．
D just before a flood struck．
40 The word "devastating" in the last paragraph could be best replaced by
A "frustrating''．
B "damaging''．
C "defeating"．
D "worrying''．
第三篇
Technology Transfer in Germany
When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success，few nations can match Germany．Since the 1940s，the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science．And though German prosperity(繁荣)has faltered(衰退)over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has an enviable(令人羡慕的)record for turning ideas into profit．
Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies·But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition．Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer，and technology parks are springing up all over．These efforts are being complemented by the federal programs for pumping money into start-up companies.
Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success，but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favoring applied research will mean neglecting basic science， eventually starving industry of flesh ideas．If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur(企业家)，the ar