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1 摘要的结构 abstracts）中；CARS 模式（Create a Research Space），多用于指示性摘要（Indicative abstracts）中（任再新和马静，2008）。本文对于摘要宏观结构的分析采取的是前者。但是，本研究基于前人对于摘要的宏观结构分类，发现经济学论文摘要的最后一部分应当称为 Conclusion（表 1）。本研究的语料来自于 2008 年发表的中美两本经济学权威期刊论文摘要各 40 篇。这两本期刊名为：经济学季刊（CEQ）和 Quarterly Journal of Economics。语料的选取充分考虑到可比性原则的诸因素如时间，体裁，语言等等。 3 研究结果摘要的基本数据特征（表 2）显示中国学者的英文摘要总字数和平均字数偏少；句子个数和平均每句字数也同样少于国外同行。进一步的研究表明（表 3）英语摘要在两本期刊中出现最多的两个部分是 Introduction 和 Result，这也符合国内期刊（CEQ）的基本数据特征，即平均句子数为两个。虽然国外同行会省略如 Method 部分，但是国内学者则更甚，会略去 Method 和 Conclusion 两个部分。这一现象与我们的观察（表 4）高度吻合。美国期刊（QJE）的摘要通常会以完整的 IMRD 结构出现，而国内期刊（CEQ）出现两个和三个部分的摘要占所选摘要的大多数。此研究结果表明，国 www.shlunwen.com 内学者的英语摘要在宏观结构的安排上受到了本族文化的影响。表现在，中国学者会将两个部分混在一个英语句子中表达，使得摘要的句数偏少。

例如： Using a firm -level data set for 1998 and 2005 including all of China's "above designated size" enterprises that together account for more than 85 percent of China's industrial output, this paper investigates three issues. Based on the theory of entrepreneurship derived from the Austrian School, this paper connects the creation of entrepreneurs to the contracts that entrepreneurs obtain in the production process and studies how these contracts affect economic growth. 不注重英语科研论文的逻辑性，省略重要的摘要组成部分如 Method 部分等。例如： We establish five facts about prices in the U.S. economy: (1) For consumer prices, the median frequency of nonsale price change is roughly half of what it is including sales (9-12% per month versus 19- 20% per month for identical items; 11-13% per month versus 21-22% per month including product substitutions). The median frequency of price change for finished-goods producer prices is comparable to that of consumer prices excluding sales. (2) One -third of nonsale price changes are price decreases. (3) The frequency of price increases covaries strongly with inflation, whereas the frequency of price decrea.htmlses and the size of price increases and price decreases do not. (4) The frequency of price change is highly seasonal: it is highest in the first quarter and then declines. (5) We find no evidence of upward- sloping hazard functions of price changes for individual products. We show that the first, second, and third facts are consistent with a benchmark menu -cost model, whereas the fourth and fifth facts are not. 4 结论本研究通过对比分析中美经济学期刊英语论文摘要的宏观结构，发现了两类摘要存在显著差异。这种差异是受到各自的社会文化因素的影响。本研究的意义在于为中国学者撰写英语摘要提供参考，并为英语写作教学提供一些依据，同时，丰富了体裁分析的研究内容。