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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-08-21编辑:yangcheng点击率:24294
论文字数:12000论文编号:org201408091848196219语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
摘要:本文是作者的一篇英国本科毕业论文。任何一个企业和社会组织都是存在于环境之中的。企业环境可分成微观环境和宏观环境。微观环境包括那些直接影响企业履行其使命状况的行动者、供应商、各种市场中间商、顾客、竞争对手等。宏观环境包括那些影响企业微观环境中所有行动者的较广泛的社会力量或因素,包括人口的、经济的、技术的、政治的、法律的、以及社会文化方面的力量和因素。企业的经济环境包括:1、宏观经济形势,如国民经济发展水平及其发展趋势,政府财政。金融情况;2、本行业在整个经济体系中的地位和行业特点;3、企业的直接经济环境,包括人均实际收入、平均消费取向、消费支出分配模式。
4.4 Control variables ……………………………………………………………..32-34
4.5 Model specification…………………………………………………………...35-36
5. Analysis of Findings
5.1 Data Analysis…….…………………………………………………………........37
5.2 Results Analysis ….……………………………………………….……........38-45
5.3 Implications for Management…………………………………….…….........45-47
5.4 Limitations …….………………………………………………………….....48-51
5.5 Implications for further research…….………………………………………52-53
6. Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….54
7. Bibliography…………………………………………….………..………….55-59
Appendices
Appendix 1a………………………………………………………………………60-61
Appendix 1b………………………………………………………………………62-63
Appendix 2a………………………………………………………………………64-65
Appendix 2b………………………………………………………………………65-67
List of Tables
Table 1……………………………………………………………………………19-24
Table 2……………………………………………………………………………….36
Table 3……………………………………………………………………………….38
Table 4……………………………………………………………………………….40
Table 5……………………………………………………………………………….41
Table 6……………………………………………………………………………….43
1. Introduction
The concept ‘corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) has been raised in the twentieth century. Nowadays, corporate social responsibility pays an important role in corporate management. It is essential for strategic managers to decide how to allocate the resources in order to maximise the profit. Therefore, managers face consistent pressure on scarce corporate resources allocation. (Waddock and Graves, 1997) Prahalad and Hamel (1994) pointed out that the pressure of resources allocation tends to come from the social issues of management rather than traditional strategic management. This means strategic decisions for resources allocation become more complex, because managers should consider both financial and social environmental outcome when making a decision. (Waddock and Graves, 1997) Mcwilliams and Siegel (2000) asserted that key stakeholders, including ‘customers, employees, suppliers, community groups, governments, and some shareholders’, encourage firms to invest more on programs related to corporate social responsibility. On the contrast, some studies (eg. Aupperle, Carroll and Hatfield, 1985; Ullmann, 1985) argued that CSR investment would incur a significant cost, which could reduce the profit.
There are a large number of literatures investigated the relation between corporate environmental performance and financial performance in the last forty years (Orlitzky, Schmidt and Rynes, 2003), due to the controversy discussed above. However, the results are inconsistent, for example, Salama (2005) suggested there was a significant positive relationship between CEP and CFP; Ingram and Frazier (1983) asserted CEP is negativel本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。