马来西亚失业的原因及其影响 [7]
论文作者:英语论文论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-09-26编辑:yangcheng点击率:18142
论文字数:7455论文编号:org201409251304495360语种:英语 English地区:马来西亚价格:免费论文
关键词:Economics Essay马来西亚失业unemployment经济增长原因影响
摘要:本文是对马来西亚失业的原因及其影响进行分析的留学生论文,失业对于每一个国家,尤其是拥有巨大人口的发展中国家都是很重要的问题。高失业率意味着劳动力资源没有被有效地利用。因此,充分就业应该作为政府主要的宏观经济目标。这个基本的问题经常被包含在政府政策或议会议程中,年复一年地辩论和讨论。经过一段长时间的讨论和辩论,似乎没有找到完全消灭失业的最终解决方案。
xports labor intensive goods, then the employment rate will increase.
Matusz (1996) explored the consequences of opening to trade on the unemployment rate using the efficiency-wage framework. Open to trade will create intra-industry trade. It creates new jobs opportunity and then reduces the unemployment rate.
According to Brecher (1974) and Davis (1998), their study found that trade liberalization can reduce unemployment rate. Foreign workers are able to go to other countries anytime if there is no existence of the barrier of trade. Thus, a country’s supply of labor will be excessive and it reduces tremendously, the job opportunity for domestic labors. Besides, frictional unemployment in comparative advantage model was introduced to find whether any relationship lay on a comparison of capital-labor benefit across countries (Davidson & Matusz 1988). For a country that produces capital intensive goods, labor skill is not in need for its production, thus, unemployment rate will increase.
Besides, fair wages has been introduced into a model with increasing returns to scale and trade liberalization of trade that would increase the unemployment rate (Egger and Kreickemeier, 2009). Labor wages in home country will be affected due to the excess in foreign labor supply. It reduces domestic wages and also reduces the chance of domestic worker to get a job at home country. As for one of the consequences, domestic unemployment rate will increase dramatically.
Helpman and Itshoki (2008) combined the comparative advantage consideration and increasing returns to scale by using search-matching approach. In conclusion, globalization can affect the increase of unemployment rate. Foreign workers can enter into the domestic labor market in a country, with cheap labor wages, that will result in the reduction of domestic wages as well as reducing the chance of domestic workers to get a job in their own country. Unavoidably, the domestic unemployment rate will increase.
According to Thomas (2004), Malaysia is heavily depending on foreign trades, the nation’s exports account contributes large proportion of GDP, and manufactured goods are one of the main exports of Malaysia. As Malaysia is dependent on generating revenue through exports, many problems would occur if the exporting sector fails. Mainly, it will cause a major unemployment issue that would cause many of its people to suffer economic downfall. This is because manufacturing factories fail to sell and export their products, causing them to face financial problem. Therefore, it would result in the closing down of the factory, thus, the unemployment rate rises.
2.4 Unemployment Benefits in Malaysia
Unemployment benefits system is a benefit which is for eligible workers who become unemployed. Unemployment benefits consist of unemployment insurance and unemployment assistance. Unemployment benefits are available to the eligible unemployed only. The term “eligible” here means an unemployed individual which is in a condition of ready, willing and able to work on the go (Eva Liu, Walter and Kwong, 2000). Many studies have proven that unemployment benefits effectively smoothens consumption during unemployment. According to Gruber (1997), he found that the nation’s budget on consumption expenditures would fall by 22 percent without the presence of unemployment insurance. It is proven from the study tha
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