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马来西亚失业的原因及其影响

失业对于每一个国家,尤其是拥有巨大人口的发展中国家都是很重要的问题。高失业率意味着劳动力资源没有被有效地利用。因此,充分就业应该作为政府主要的宏观经济目标。这个基本的问题经常被包含在政府政策或议会议程中，年复一年地辩论和讨论。经过一段长时间的讨论和辩论,似乎没有找到完全消灭失业的最终解决方案。

理论上,工业经济增长时的周期性敏感的因素包括就业、销售、价格和利润预期上升。然而,当它收缩的时候,经济衰退是不可避免并十分严重的(Nazaria,2003)。当我们的国家经济陷入衰退,许多公司和企业倒闭,就会导致失业率增加。
在1997年中期开始的金融危机影响了马来西亚的经济。影响是非常明显的，用国内生产总值来衡量的经济增长开始放慢脚步,并且1998年出现了-7.4%，这是自1985年记录以来的首次负增长。

Cause And Affect Of Unemployment In Malaysia Economics Essay

Unemployment is a very important issue for every country, especially developing country with a tremendous population. High unemployment means that labor resources are not being used efficiently. In consequence, full employment should be a major macroeconomic goal of government. This essential issue often being included in the government policy or agenda for parliament debate and discussion year after year. After a long period of discussion and debate, it seems no ultimate solution has been found to completely eliminate unemployment.

Theoretically, industrial economies are cyclically sensitive as such when it expands, factors including employment, sales, prices and profits will rise. However, when it contracts, downturns are inevitable and significant (Nazaria, 2003). When our national economy is in recession, many firms and companies are close down, it will cause unemployment rate to increase.

The financial crisis that started in mid 1997 has affected the Malaysian economy. The impact was evident with the economic growth measured in real GDP began to slow down and registered the first negative growth since 1985 of –7.4 per cent in 1998. Table 1 depicts real GDP growth, labor force and unemployment from 1996 –2003 (UKM Juru Perunding, 2002). The contraction in real GDP affected the labor market resulting in slower employment growth, increased in the unemployment rate and also retrenchment. Labor force registered negative growth of 2.1 per cent and employment declined by 2.8 per cent in 1998 compared to a positive growth of 4.9 and 4.6 per cent in 1996 and 1997, respectively. In the same year, unemployment, on the other hand, experienced a slight increase standing at 3.1 per cent. Retrenchment soared to 83,865 workers in 1998 compared to approximately 19,000 in 1997 (EPU, 1999).

Table 1: Real GDP Growth, Labor Force, Employment, Unemployment, Labor Force Participation Rates, 1996-2003

Sources: Nazaria B., 2003: Working paper of Unemployed Graduates: Pre and Post 1997

Crisis.

Okun’s Law, stated that there is a negative relationship between unemployment rate and real GDP. Okun (1962) found that a deviation of 3 per cent in the GDP will produce a rise by 1 per cent in the unemployment rate. Besides that, Zaleha, Norashidah & Judhiana(2007) prove that Okun’s Law can be applied to explain Malaysia’s condition. Results of Table 2 showed that the value of the t-statistic for the coefficient (5.796) is greater than the critical t-value at the ninety five percent confidence level (1.96). This proves that GDP strongly depends on unemployment. Unemployment is one of the main mechanisms that can affect GDP. On the other hand, the result also confirmed that there is a negative relationship between unemployment and output growth. The Coefficient is -1.75 and it is significant at 1 percent level. It means that one percent d本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。