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the score card. Much of the danger of the retrograde conflict over Kashmir stems from its potential to spark either a much broader conventional war or even a nuclear exchange. India and Pakistan have a dangerous disconnect on the nuclear issue driven both by very poor communication between the capitals and by strikingly different nuclear doctrines. In a recent study, the U.S. Defence Intelligence Agency estimated that more than twelve million Indians and Pakistanis could be killed – and another seven million injured – in a nuclear war.

Pakistan’s proxy war in Kashmir assumed a new dimension in 1999. In February of that year, Prime Minister Atal Vajpayee and Pakistan Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif agreed on a number of confidence building measures at a summit in Lahore. Vajpayee and Sharif appeared to be on the verge of an agreement on Kashmir. According to Pakistan Foreign Secretary Naiz Naik, the Indian Prime Minister agreed not to call Kashmir an integral part of India, while Sharif consented not to seek a resolution of the dispute on the basis of UN Security Council resolutions for a plebiscite in Kashmir. If implemented, the deal would have most likely entailed Indian and Pakistani recognition of the Line of Control as the permanent border [15] .

Kargil war during May to July 1999 undermined the Indo-Pak relations. Mujahideen infiltrated six miles into the India-held Kargil region of North Kashmir. occupied more than 30 well-fortified positions located atop the most inhospitable frigidly cold ridges, at 16,000 and 18,000 feet above sea level, in the Great Himalayan range facing Dras, Kargil, Batalik, and the Mushko Valley sectors stretching covering over 30 miles.

Kargil war was a miscalculation and misadventure by Pakistan army; it defamed and isolated Pakistan in international community. It water downs aspiration of Lahore Declarations and also pointed out a lack of coordination between Pakistan army and government. At last it enhanced risk of war in future and also proved that nuclear deterrence.

Musharaf Government was able internationalize the conflict by showing full commitments to resolve it. Government also prosed the third party mediation which emphatically resisted by India. Musharaf Government claimed no support to Mujahadeens campus which may facilitate cross-border terrorism. The government declared that the international community can verify and monitor independently an end to Pakistani support for militant groups and their activities [16] .

Since the 13 December 2001 terrorist attack on the Indian parliament, Pakistan has strongly condemned all acts of terror, including those committed in the name of Kashmir. President Musharraf has also pledged to end all cross-border infiltration. Indeed, Pakistan rejects and condemns terrorism in all its forms and manifestations. Pakistan will not allow its territory to be used for terrorist activity anywhere in the world. No organization will be allowed to indulge in terrorism in the name of Kashmir. Most of the terrorist attacks including attack on Indian Parliament, initially and traditionally, Indian government blamed Pakistan and later on it was revealed that perpetrators were Hindu terrorist organizations, Indian Kashmiri and Bangladesh Based organizations [17] .

Failure of Agreements and Rejection of Mediation: There have been numerous unsuccessful agreements between India and Pakistan. Bo