摘要:本文是一篇关于留学生建筑行业的法规的论文,虽然建筑行业积极推动新规定的采纳已经超过了10年,但在过去的六年,它的管理已经失去了活力,而且在过去的几年里,只是因为几个重大的事故,行业外的人才给予了它一些关注。
titute Certifi cation (CIC), Sanford, Fla. CIC certifies crane operators, inspectors, riggers and signalpersons; Certifications are NCCA accredited, OSHA recognized.
The effective date for the majority of the regulation is Nov. 8, 2010, but construction industry crane operators have four years—until Nov. 8, 2014—to earn and maintain an accredited certification. However, many states, municipalities, unions, and employers already require accredited operator certification. Employability will decrease for operators the longer they wait to become certified.
The regulation allows an individual to receive certification from the U.S. military, a licensed government entity, such as a state or city, or audited employer-provided program. None of these, however, are portable beyond that employer or jurisdiction.
A qualified, audited employer program may have some appeal to employers, however, the requirements for an employer-based program nearly mirror an accredited third-party certification. For example, an employer’s qualification must be developed by an accredited testing organization or audited by an accredited crane operator testing organization. The employer would still have to test operators, and auditors must be able to verify that an employer’s tests meet “nationally recognized test development criteria and are valid and reliable in assessing the operator…knowledge and skills.”
The hard cost and labor of employer qualification may exceed the cost of third-party accredited certification. In addition, an employer program is not portable. If an operator goes to another job, the credentials remain with the employer and may not follow the operator in an employer-based program. Likewise, a newly hired operator would have to be documented by the new employer to the same extent. Accredited third-party certifications are portable for operators going from one employer to another.
Employers must pay for crane operator certifications, at no cost to the operator. In addition, employers must provide training and a trainer must monitor operators-in-training. With limited exceptions, for short 15-minute breaks with minimal and defined operations, if any, “the operator’s trainer and the operator-in-training must be in direct line of sight of each other…they must communicate verbally or by hand signals.” Employee trainers must be certified operators.
Today, there are three, equally accredited certification organizations to provide third-party crane operator certification. Organizations that meet the full requirements of final OSHA rule include, in alphabetical order: Crane Institute Certification (CIC); the National Center for Construction
Education & Research (NCCER); National Commission for the Certification of Crane Operators (NCCCO).
The use of calculators has been a debate specifically related to certification testing, and the new regulation now permits them. Operators may be tested for certification verbally or “in any language the candidate understands.” Operators do not have to have practical exams on every crane they operate. For example, operators passing tests on a 100-ton telescoping boom crane are deemed qualified and certified on lesser-capacity cranes of this same type.
Signalperson (Section 1926.1428)
Mike Parnell
Mike Parnell is president of Industrial Training International, Woodland, Wash.,
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