英语论文网

hat were made to ensure that government functionaries discharged certain ministerial or clerical duties. One major example was the Lockheed corruption scandals, in which officials of aerospace company Lockheed paid foreign officials to favour their company's products. [12] Another was the Banana gate scandal in which Chiquita brands had bribed the President of Honduras to lower taxes. Congress enacted the FCPA to bring a halt to the bribery of foreign officials and to restore public confidence in the integrity of the American business system.

The Act was signed into law by President Jimmy Carter on December 19, 1977, and amended in 1998 by the International Anti-Bribery Act which was designed to implement the anti-bribery conventions of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and development.

The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (FCPA) is a U.S federal law and known primarily for two of its provision one that addresses accounting transparency requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and other concerning bribery of foreign officials.

As stated earlier, the U.N. Global Compact's 10th Principle states that 'businesses should work against corruption in all its forms, including extortion and bribery.' [13] This clause clearly involves all the companies which are establishing and managing effective ethics and compliance programs that protect the payment of the bribes. This itself is a very significant challenge as the corruption is found everywhere even in the companies and it is really difficult to through it out. But, from the perspective of CSR, working against corruption means something more. From this perspective, corporation should be motivated and shall form an environment in which they want to operate. With respect to corruption, socially responsible corporations can be a positive influence in developing countries. There are some signs and evidences by which it can be found that corporation with an appropriate anti-corruption attitude can potentially assist in combating the enabling environment that supports corruption that harms the country's citizens. [14] Resent trend shows that USA including other OECD countries with anti-bribery law is reducing their investments in the countries where corruption has turned into a very bad situation. This reduction in investment not only causes the harm to the country which is having high corruption rate but also it forces the corporations to take preventive steps, such as not to enter into a new market, which is a great loss to the corporation and the host country. When the companies from the nations that are party to the OECD anti-corruption treaty decline to invest in a nation with high levels of corruption, those investments are made by corporations from nations where anti-bribery laws are not enforced. Now, the challenge is how to encourage the investment in corrupt and dishonest countries and the light of hope is CSR, where the possible advantage from investment can be done because they encourage management to adopt a different mind-set towards anticorruption. Rather than being stuck in the compliance stage where the corporation focuses only on what it should not do, a CSR perspective encourages corporations to seek to actively solve the problem and work with other stakeholders to find solutions. Thus, a CSR perspective pushe本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。