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1.1 Preliminary remarks
词汇是基础，所有的语言技能和语言系统，它的主要支柱。如果我们比较语言结构，词汇是语言的草图的东西，提供了重要脏器的血和肉，以及（哈默1990:158）。在自然语言中，它是一种常见的现象，一个字有多重含义，我们称之为多义性。多义词一个词的形式，这是一个词形字，意思是在研究的重大意义关系有不同的含义。然而，多义词的含义相互矛盾。这些多义词通常被命名为“公有理，婆说婆有理的话”，这是一个特殊的现象，多义词。因此，矛盾的词是指一个多义词，有意识关系系统中的两个对立的含义，它们被视为一种特殊的理论中国语言.词汇一词多义的现象，郭璞首先提出的概念模棱两可的话晋代。近1600年前，他提出的现象，在同一个褒义和贬义的词，同一个字，“尔雅2/2 ^（”尔雅注“），这是”矛盾的初步基础，相反的意思“中国有大量的矛盾的话，中国的字符”徐“（绪），有两个相反的含义，一个是”开始OFTHE事项“，而其他的意思是”结束事“，在英语中，公有理，婆说婆有理的话，也有取词”排放，它可以作为一个例子，不仅意味着“正式允许某人，或告诉某人的行为。离开的地方，尤其是普遍的现象。某人在医院或军队“，如被退伍的，这个词也可以表示”执行任务的行为或责任，或如果付钱拥有“，如认真履行职责。
Vocabulary is the basis of all language skills and it is the main pillar forlanguage system. If we compare language structure as the sketch of language,vocabulary is the thing that provides important organs as well as blood and flesh(Harmer 1990:158). In natural language, it is a common phenomenon that one wordhas multiple meanings, which we call polysemy. The polysemous words havedifferent meanings in one word form，which is one of the major sense relations in thestudy of word form and word meaning. However, the meanings of polysemous wordscontradict each other. Those polysemous words are usually named “ambivalentwords”，which is a special phenomenon in polysemous words. Therefore，ambivalentwords refer to a polysemous word having two opposing meanings in its sense relationsystem and they are regarded as a special kind of polysemy phenomenon in thevocabulary theory of language.In China, Guo Pu first puts forward the concept of ambivalent words in JinDynasty. Nearly 1,600 years before, he proposes the phenomena that oppositemeaning in one same word with commendatory and derogatory sense in one sameword in Er Ya 2/2^;(《尔雅、注》），which is the preliminary basis for “ambivalent words”of Chinese. There are a large number of ambivalent words in Chinese, such theChinese character “Xu”(绪)，has two opposite meanings that one is “the beginning ofthe matter’’ while the other meaning is “the end of the matter”. In English, ambivalentwords are also a common phenomenon. Take the word “discharge，，as an example, itcan not only mean “the act of officially allowing sb., or of telling sb.，to leavesomewhere, especially sb. in a hospital or the army", such as be discharged from thearmy; the word also can mean “the act of carrying out a task or a duty or if payingmoney that is owned”，such as the conscientious discharge of duties.
Foreign researchers have studies the ambivalent words in English for a long time,but there is no a uniform name. The ambivalent words are known as “antiphrasis,enantiosemy and antilogy", besides, they are also called "Janus words", which from the name of Janus in Greek mythology. Janus is the door-god having two faces. Thefront and rear faces of Janus are different, which can see the two opposite directions.One of his faces is of the young which can sec the future, while the other o faces is ofthe old which can see the past. Janus opens the door every morning to let ihc sunshinewarm the earth. Janus closes the door evening dusk to welcome the night come.Therefore, "Janus word" refers a word having two completely opposite or relativemeanings. In addition, the ambivalent words are also called "reflexive antonym” and"aiito-autonym,,. Although the names of ambivalent words are not unified, all of themmean the phenomenon that the multiple meanings in one word are at opposite poles orre本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。