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Chapter One Introduction

Editorials are called the heart and soul of a newspaper and they play a veryimportant role in reporting news and guiding the public opinions about the current hotissues both at home and abroad. They have been attracting scholars’ attention for along time and this thesis is just a tentative study about them from the perspective ofAppraisal Theory.

社论呼吁，他们的心脏和灵魂的报纸在报道新闻和引导公众意见，在国内和国外有关当前热点问题中发挥非常重要的作用。沿时间，他们已经吸引了学者们的注意，这篇论文仅仅是一个初步研究，他们从评价理论的角度。

1.1 Research Background
Editorials are a special sub-genre of news discourse and are placed in a separatesection of the newspaper. They are mainly about the current important news eventsboth at home and abroad. But rather than simply reporting news, they moreimportantly provide timely comments and express their opinions and stances on issues.The stances of editorials are in the name of the newspaper’s official position, insteadof personal opinion. Therefore, they are more authoritative from the perspective of thepublic. Besides expressing opinions, the main purpose of editorials also includespersuading the actual or potential readers to adopt and share the same feelings andvalues with the editorialists. Editorials play a very important role in the newspaperand are considered as the heart and soul of the newspaper. Because of theirimportance, they have attracted a great attention of many scholars both at home andabroad. Their studies have offered us diversified theories and perspectives, such asfrom journalism, stylistics, structure and rhetorical characteristics and psychology, etc.However, the engagement resources, which have been chosen carefully to constructthe interaction between the editorialists and readers, do not get enough attention.
Appraisal Theory, put forward by James R. Martin in the early nineties of the20thcentury, is a systematic lexico-grammatical approach to analyze discourse. It’s abreakthrough in the study of interpersonal meaning within the general theoreticalframework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (Martin & Rose 2003; Martin & White 2005). According to M. A. K. Halliday (1994), language is a resource for mappingideational, interpersonal and textual meaning onto one another in every act ofcommunication. Among the three, interpersonal meaning is concerned withnegotiating social relations: how people are interacting, including the feelings they tryto share. Since the three modes of meaning have been proposed, many researches ondiscourse analysis have been done to discuss the expression and realization of thesemeanings in different types of discourses, among which the analysis of interpersonalmeaning is always the most popular. However, these researches were mainly carriedout under the framework of Systemic-Functional Grammar, which takes mood andmodality as the major concerns of interpersonal meaning. In the early nineties of the20thcentury, James R. Martin and his colleagues extended the modes for researchingthe interpersonal meaning and proposed a full set of systematically evaluativeresources, termed as Appraisal (also Appraisal Theory). Appraisal Theory isconcerned with interpersonal meaning in language. It’s concerned with the linguisticresources by which writers or speakers come to express their opinions, to adoptstances and to align or disalign themselves with the actual or potential respondents.
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