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ferent. Languagecompetence is the ability to recognize and understand words, phrases, and sentences,including summarizing language materials and deducing them to language rules.However, language performance refers to the actual use of language in concretesituations which is just the actual manifest of language competence. It’s easy to seethat people trying to learn and master a second language are to use it to communicateor to exchange information with others speaking that language, which is theirfundamental purpose.
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Chapter 2 Literature Review

2.1 Previous Studies on SLA from Different Perspectives
Till now, Second Language Acquisition research has experienced very muchdevelopment through half a century. From Weinreich’s (1953) Language InterferenceTheory to Lado’s (1957) Contrastive Analysis (CA), from Nemser’s (1971)Approximative System to Selinker’s (1972) Interlanguage Theory, and from Corder’s(1967,1971) Error Analysis to The Input Hypothesis of Krashen (1982), experts in thefields of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics have deepened their understanding ofSLA. At the same time, researchers begin to study this topic from differentperspectives out of various interests. For example, there are SLA researches under thetheory of Universal Grammar proposed by Chomsky, SLA researches under theconcept of Neo-connectionism, SLA researches from the perspective ofconstructivism, language transfer, Pragmatics and so on.
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2.2 Previous Studies on Adaptation Theory
Adaptation Theory is a practical theory being studied all the time at home andabroad. It is first proposed by Jef Verschueren in one of his articles named“Pragmatics as A Theory of Linguistic Adaptation” in 1987. Then through severalyears’ deeper researches, he describes and explains this theory much moresystematically in his masterpiece Understanding Pragmatics. Verschueren holds that,language use is actually the process of people making choices about languagescontinuously. Besides Verschueren, there are still many people studying and researching thistheory. For example, Giles, basing on the research of accent mobility, extended purelangue adaptation into the aspect of communicative context and behavior, and thenrenamed it by himself as Communication Accommodation Theory. Gallois, whomakes researches on cross-cultural communication, applies this theory to deepen his research, and raises many useful suggestions for people dealing with cross-culturalcommunication. Ohala also studied this theory. Accompanied with the conclusion thatdifferent adaptation processes will lead to different voice traits, he made a specialresearch on sound symbolism.
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Chapter 3 Theoretical Bases .......16
3.1 Introduction to Adaptation Theory......16
3.2 Krashen’s Theory of SLA .......19
Chapter 4 Analysis on Main Affecting Factors .......23
4.1 Adaptation to Mental World....23
4.1.1 SLA with Different Personalities ....23
4.1.2 SLA with Different Attitudes and Motivation.........26
4.1.3 Learners’ Anxiety....28
4.2 Adaptation to Environment .....30
4.2.1 Different Social Settings .....31
4.2.2 Negative Transfer of Native Language .......34
4.3 Adaptation to Culture........37
4.3.1 Cultural Awareness of English Language .........37
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