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Chapter OneINTRODUCTION

1.1 The research context
The study was to investigate the construct validity of the listening comprehension forEnglish majors. Language testing has been thought to be a useful way to measure thelanguage competence of students. And the validity of language testing is one of importantstandards of evaluation, the demonstration of validity is also the eternal theme, with thetheory development of and practice of applied linguistic and related fields, theunderstanding of the validity in language testing is growing in depth. Essentially, constructvalidity is the core concepts of language test evaluation (Chapelle, 2001).
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1.2 The research questions
1. Do the task orders affect the test taker’s performance on listening comprehensionfor English majors?
2. What is the effect of response formats (summary, incomplete outline items andopen-ended questions) to test-takers’ performance on listening comprehension for Englishmajors?
In this study, I try to investigate the construct validity of the listening comprehensionfor English majors. Based on the existing language test theory, I try to found the bettermethods to carry out the high degree of construct validity, and make the test paper oflistening comprehension to check the true listening ability of English majors. The mainpurpose of language testing is to detect the test objects by numbered tests, according totheir representations in the test tasks, people may make predictions and decisions based onthese inferences, these predictions and decisions may influence the whole life of a person,so the construct validity is essential for test. In the study, the subscores of responseformats are to discuss the test takers listening ability. The findings of the paper couldprovide the information for relative studies of English listening comprehension.
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Chapter TwoLITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Language testing
Language testing is a form of language assessment, the purpose of language testing isto deduce the test takers language ability according to limited sample of tasks, people willmake prediction or decisions by these inference (He, 2005). Generally speaking, theteachers will design a paper to test the language ability of students, according the testscores of students. How to judge a test is good or bad, there are a lot of standards, butnormally, people will pay attention to the validity and reliability, and the validity is thebasic starting point of language testing. Criterion validity is a measure of how well one variable or set of variables predicts anoutcome based on information from other variables, and will be achieved if a set ofmeasures from a personality test relate to a behavioral criterion. Cronbach and Meehl(1955) makes their explanations of construct validity with the criterion validity, “Constructvalidity is ordinarily studied when the tester has no definite criterion measure of thequality with which he is concerned and must use indirect measures. Here the trait orquality underlying the test is of central importance, rather than either the test behavior orthe scores on the criteria.” Next, I will pay attention to the content validity and constructvalidity.
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2.2 Validity
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