《溪山琴况》美学内涵及英文意解 [3]
论文作者:彭岩 王慧 论文属性:短文 essay登出时间:2009-03-30编辑:黄丽樱点击率:4093
论文字数:5445论文编号:org200903301917443403语种:中文 Chinese地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:琴论文化内涵美学观点审美意境演奏技法
to the battlefield)的不同情感体验的对比。
一十九曰溜(smooth;without slugg-
ishness)
“溜者,滑也,左手洽涩之法也”,所以“溜”指的是左手的演奏技巧,即当左手“吟、猱、绰、注”时手指应“润滑”(smooth)“无滞”(without sluggishness),而要想达到润滑、无滞,则不能“按弦虚浮”(to press the strings too gently)“或着重滞”(or too heavily),而只有指节炼至“坚实”(strong)“极其灵活”(extremely dexterous)“动必神速”(to move with a great speed),才能“吟、猱、绰、注之间当若泉之滚滚,而往来上下之际更如风之发发”。
二十曰键(energetic;strong)
“从容闲雅中刚健其指”“运键于坚”说明,“健”的含义是“刚健”(energetic)“坚实”(strong),用刚健、坚实的手指弹出“清冽之响”(clear sound)“活泼之音”(lively sound),这样就不会使“冲和之调”(a leisurely and harmonious melody)之中包含有“疏慵之病”(faults of carelessness and without emotion)。
二十一曰轻(gentle)
“轻”和“重”指的是弹琴的力度和乐曲的音量,意思是“轻柔的”(gentle)。这种“轻”和“重”的变化可以使“中和之音”(a mild sound)变得更有“趣味”(interesting),而“轻”的力度和音量则可以“体曲之意”(to feel and understand the artistic conception in the music)“悉曲之情”(to feel and understand the emotion in the music)。但是“轻”和“重”也要“合”(to agree),即“轻”要“不浮”(not superficial)“不晦”(not gloomy),“重”则“不煞”(not excessive),必须“清实中得之”,这样的轻重才能符合“中和之音”的要求。
二十二曰重(powerful)
“轻属于幽情,重者乃由乎气”“气至而重”;所以较重的力度和音量,可以表达较强烈的情感和意志,但是和“轻”一样,“重”(strong)也不能太过分,应该“重抵轻出”(to use powerful strength to produce gentle and lively tune)“用力不觉”(to use the strength unintentionally),使音乐变得“高朗纯粹”(clear, bright and pure)“宣扬和畅”(melodious and smooth),而不能使音乐产生“杀伐之响”(to produce the sound just like the sound produced in fighting in a battle)“刚暴之声”(to use the strength too heavily and produce some excessive strong sound)。
二十三曰迟(slow)
“迟”在这里指的是“缓慢的”(slow),它包含两层含义,首先是要求弹琴时不能“忙忙连下”(too fast),而应先“肃其气”(to make the player be serious)“澄其心”(to purify the player’s mind)“缓其度”(to play the music leisurely)“远其神”(to make the player lofty)“从万籁俱寂中,泠然音生”;其次是弹琴要“章句舒徐”(The melody should be produced leisurely.)“缓急相间”(to alternate with slowness and quickness)“断而复续”(intermittently)。
文中还阐述了“迟趣”和“希声之寓境”的关系。“迟趣”指的是关于“迟”的审美情趣和意境,它和道教所主张的“希声之寓境”是一样的,就好像“山静秋鸣”(birds singing in the quiet mountain in autumn)“月高林表”(the dense forest in the moonlight)“松风远拂”(the sound of wind blowing the pines from a distance)“石涧流寒”(the cold water flowing from the gully)。
二十四曰速(quickness;rapidness; swiftness)
“速”指的是“快速的”(quickness)“急速的”(rapidness),文中将“速”分为“小速”和“大速”两种。“小速微快”(swiftness),要求“指不伤速中之雅度”(to play the music quickly and elegantly),就像“行云流水”(natural and smooth just like floating cloud and flowing water);“大速贵急”(rapidness),要求“依然安闲之气象”(to use a fast speed to play the music which brings people the feeling of relaxation),就像“崩崖飞瀑之声”(the sound produced by the crack of the mountain and the falling of the falls)。
文中还阐述了“迟”和“速”的关系:首先“迟”和“速”是紧密相连的,“有迟则有速”(without the leisureliness, the rapidness will be meaningless.),其次是“迟”所得到的音乐“是为正音”( conventional sound),“速”所得到的音乐“是为奇音”( marvelous sound),而弹琴要求的是“正音备而奇音不可偏废”(Neither of conventional sound and marvelous sound should be overemphasized at the expense of another.)。
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