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me links with Rock & Roll. With the growing segregation of radio formats and the dominance of mainstream rock by white male performers, the place of black artists in the rock world diminished. By the late 1990s, no major popular black successor to Chuck Berry or Jimi Hendrix had emerged in Rock. These trends, combined with the rise of “safe” dance disco by white bands (the Bee Gees), black artists (Donna Summer), and integrated groups (the Village People), created a space for the culture that produced Hip-Hop music. In some ways a black counterpart to the spirit of white punk, Hip-Hop music also stood in direct opposition to the polished, professional, and less political world of soul. Hip-Hop’s combination of social politics, swagger, and comic lyrics carried forward long-standing traditions in Blues, R&B, Soul, and Rock & Roll. Like punk, Hip-Hop was driven by a democratic, nonprofessional spirit—accessible to anyone who could talk or rap in street dialect and cut or sample records on a turntable. Hip-Hop deejays emerged in Jamaica and New York, scratching and re-cueing old reggae, disco, soul, and rock albums. As dance music, Hip-Hop developed MCs (master of ceremony) who used humor, boasts, and “trash talking” to entertain and keep the peace at parties. Today the term “Hip-Hop” was most commonly used as a synonym for rap music, whereas Rap was just one remarkable style of Hip-Hop music. In fact, Rap mixed with a bit R&B was the previous existence of Hip-Hop music. Rap, as a word, was slang from the black people, which meant “talking”; as one music style, it was very popular in America and famous with the young people. It had a wide infection for modern international music circle. Rap music influenced the tendency of pop music, and even in Asia, the waves of rap hit in China, Korea, Japan, and more Asian countries. In China, more pop singers adopted this style, and got popular with fans. Such singers as Wang LeeHong and Zhou JieLun, who were the most famous pop singers in China, became successful for Rap music. They integrated Rap with Chinese traditional music, which showed us a novel and fashionable style with Sinicism, was very suitable for Chinese audiences. Featuring with its lyrics, Hip-Hop, especially Rap music adopted some explicit (even forbidden) ***ual lyrics in songs. Using such direct ways to express their favor and abhor was popular with the youth. Hip-Hop, like punk, defied mainstream culture. Some rap singers had drawn criticism from both the white and black communities for lyrics that degraded women or applaud violence. Rappers responded that punk had often been more explicit and offensive but punk’s lyrics were less discernible under the guitar distortion. The conversational style of Rap, however, made it a forum in which performers could debate such issues as gender, class, and drugs. A few rappers had also fought extended battles over copyright infringement, since their music continued to sample rock, soul, funk, and disco records. The 1998 hit “Hard Rock Life” by Jay-Z, for instanced, sampled a loop from the Broadway musical Annie (1982). Sampling isn’t restricted to Hip-Hop, though. And Hip-Hop originates from griots of western Africa, and encompassed many different styles in America, including various Latin offshoots, and its most controversial subgenre was probably Gangsta Rap. This style developed in Los Angeles in1987, partly in response to drug-related news stories that represented, at least for many Af