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words, Pencey is far from being a qualified school and “it is full of phonies … And all you do is talking about girls and liquor and sex all day, and everybody sticks together in these dirty little goddam cliques” (Salinger 218) Furthermore, being trusted by others, which is one of the most important psychological needs, is not possible at Pencey because trust is never built there. Holden says that at Pencey “people never believe you” (Salinger 241). Students in that school cannot carry on one intellectual conversation with each other, so that he keeps to himself quite a lot. The students, even those excellent students, do not like reading and slide into bad habits. In such an environment, Holden is not very happy, because he can not get what he wishes—love, truth, kindness and goodness. In Holden’s opinion, “the headmaster at Elkton Hills, Mr. Haas, was the phoniest bastard I ever met in my life” (Salinger 287), and he always wears “a phony smiles”( Salinger 288). Actually, Holden has the habit of reading, but the school education completely ignores the students’ interests and hobbies. Therefore, Holden’s emotion and psychology does not get any relief from the school education. He also does not get any valuable advice and help.

When Holden is invited to his history teacher Mr. Spencer’s home before leaving the school, he expects to get understanding from Mr. Spencer. However, instead of satisfying Holden’s psychological needs, Mr. Spencer gives him a lecture on history. Holden tries to communicate with him but fails in disappointment, and thinks that Mr. Spencer “hardly listened to you when you said something… We were on opposite side of the pole.” (Salinger 222)

Holden thinks that his former student counselor Luce is an intelligent person who is one of the top students in Colombia University. Holden meets him with eager anticipation. But the smart college student doesn’t want to listen to him and doesn’t care that Holden is on the crossroads. What he talks about most is sex and gay, which makes Holden feels very nervous. Luce’s own life is already grotesque, so what right guidance and effective suggestions can he give to Holden？

Holden’s last hope falls on the teacher Mr. Antolini, for “he was about the best teacher I ever had.” (Salinger 404) Once, a boy named James Castle in the school tried to commit suicide by jumping… Mr. Antolini jumped out of the window and “finally picked up that boy...... He didn’t even give a damn if his coat got all bloody.”(Salinger 404) Holden hopes Mr. Antolini can also pick him up from his perplexed status. But Mr. Antolini fails to pick him up, just as he is unable to catch James Castle at the moment when the boy commits suicide. Mr. Antolini tells Holden theory and philosophy. But these do not have any help. He realizes that Mr. Antolini can not provide him with suggestive and instructive advice to find a meaningful cause to pursue. Furthermore, Mr. Antolini’s habits of heavy smoking and drinking are the signs of not being impervious to the vicissitudes of the life. Actually he is also troubled in the isolation his marriage brings him. Finally, Holden realizes that they lack true understanding and spontaneity. Holden’s shirking from Mr. Antolini’s home indicates his forever breaking off with Mr. Antolini.

After the spirit is completely destroyed, Holden can not find any solid place for himself in this ugly world. He decides t本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。