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e for reflection, a slowing-down that des toysthe mass's dynamic efficiency. If a monument should bepenetrated by the mob, it will be rapidly transformedinto a place of passage, where everyone enters and exits,brings to and takes away. It's the free-for-all, plunder foplundering's sake, as we saw even in 1975 at the fall ofSaigon.
All through history there has been an unspoken, unrecognized
revolutionary wandering, the organization of
afirst mass transportation-which is nonetheless revolutionitself. Thus the old conviction that "every revolutiontakes place in the city" comes from the city; the expression"dictatorship of the Paris Commune," used as farback as the events of 1789, should not suggest so muchthe classic opposition of city to country as that of stasis tocirculation.
Despite convincing examinations of city maps, the cityhas nor been recognized as first and foremost a humandwelling-place penetrated by channels of rapid communication(river, road, coastline, railway). It seems we'veforgotten that the street is only a road passing through anagglomeration, whereas every day laws on the "speedlimit" within the city walls remind us of the continuity ofdisplacement, of movement, that only the speed lawsmodulate. The city is but a stopover, a point on thesynoptic path of a trajectory, the ancient military glacis,

with the nomadic masses.
If the reorganization of the old villa, its transformationby the feudal colonizer into a castle replete with moat, setup stockades and dirt embankments against every naturaldanger and scourge without distinction, the architectureof the fortified castle that succeeded it lost this rural
character and became purely military. From then on itaddressed only one enemy: the man of war. Furthermore,what differentiates the ancient fortress from thatof the Middle Ages in Europe, despite their apparentsimilarity, is that the latter, thanks to the architectural
organization of its internal spaces, allows one to prolongcombat indefinitely, with its slits, its projections, itstrenches, its high walls ... 8 The fortified enclosure of theMiddle Ages creates an artificial field, makes this field astage on which physical and psychological constraints canbe imposed. After Machiavelli, Vauban will heartilysupport this means of avoiding carnage and of breaking
up the enemy simply by constructing a topological universemade of "a totality of mechanisms able to receive adefined form of energy (in this case, that of the mobilemass of assailants), to transform it and finally to return itin a more appropriate form."
Reorganized according to the same principle, the communalfortressremaines a "field of strategems" set for theadversary. Bue the latter changes character once more,becoming first and foremost a social enemy.Aside from its military function, the rampart of the
fortified place assumes a class function; its poliorceticconception allows it to prolong the social combat indefinitely.The .communal bourgeoisie gives rise to a newphenomenon, like a prolonged and patient war that hasall the earmarks of the inertia of peace, and nothing more
of the bloody effusions of ancient civil war, the seasonalouebursts and violent movements of the country battlefield.
Bourgeois power is military even more than economic,but it relates most directly to the occult permanenceof the state of siege, to the appearance of fortifiedtowns, those "great immobile machines made in dtfferentways. JI9 In the same way,本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。