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2.2 The Comparison between Summative Assessment and Formative Assessment
Assessment is often divided into summative assessment and formativeassessment, and in most classes, teachers use summative assessment. Summativeassessment is usually done at the end of a course, a unit, or a semester. Earl (2003)thinks summative assessment refers to the assessment that presents students’ progresscompared with other students in school to themselves and their teachers. According toWang Qiang (2013), “Summative assessment is mainly based on testing. Formativeassessment is based on information collected in the classroom during the teachingprocess for the purpose of improving teaching and learning” (p. 251).There are several aspects about the differences between summative assessmentand formative assessment. First, the time is different. According to Luo Jing (2005),summative assessment is usually implemented at the end of a certain teaching period.Formative assessment is usually done in the teaching process. Second, Harlen andJames (1997) points out that the purpose is different. Summative assessment is used tojudge if students are good at studying or not. It provides Reference base for educationdecisions. It aims to test if students’ studies meet the requirements of teachingobjectives. Formative assessment is used to get feedback and adjust the process ofteaching and learning in order to promote the improvement and perfection ofeducational work. It aims to find students’ strengths and weakness, help teachersmake teaching plans, and help students improve learning self-regulation ability. Third,according to Li Xiaorong and Tang Ankui (2009), the emphasis of formativeassessment and summative assessment is different. Sumative assessment emphasizesthe general analysis and the evaluation of students’ learning outcomes. Formativeassessment emphasizes the teaching process to reveal problems in time. If teachersand students find problems in the process, they can correct and adjust those problemsin time. Formative assessment puts particular emphasis on pointing out studyingproblems, solutions, and the developing direction for students. Fourth is aboutteacher’s control. Summative assessment is teacher-centered, while formative isstudent-oriented. Students take part in the process of evaluation. Therefore, themethod of summative assessment is single. Assessment is usually given by teachers,and test is the basic form of assessment. However, methods of formative assessmentare various. They can evaluate themselves and their classmates. Such asself-assessment, peer assessment, teacher assessment, and portfolio assessment. Fifth,the function is different.
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Chapter 3 Methodology.........30
3.1 Research Questions......30
3.2 Subjects......31
3.3 Instruments..........32
3.4 Procedure....33
3.5 Data Collection....37
3.6 Data Analysis.......38
Chapter 4 Results and Discussion...........39
4.1 Results........39
4.2 Discussion...........52
Chapter 5 Conclusion............57
5.1 Major Findings....57
5.2 Pedagogical Implication........58
5.3 Limitations of the Study........60
5.4 Suggestions for Further Research...........61

Chapter 4 Results and Discussion

This chapter includes results and the discussion. The results contain fouraspects, results of the questionnaire, interview, pre-test,