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intaining harmony. Ide (1990) however, doubts that the use of feminine sentence-final particles might actually impose a negative speaking strategy as it mollify the force of a statement and therefore a conversation might become less persuadable.

Okamoto (1997) demonstrates that female particularly the young generations would tend to use more neutral words and even masculine forms in their daily conversation. This proves that the traditional feminine speech forms are not commonly used in the Japanese society nowadays. Endo (2006) similarly indicates that the old traditional language no longer manacles young females; young population have started to find their own way of expressing themselves.

Regarding the linguistic change of Japanese gendered language, Manga plays a very important role of it. Aizawa (2003) and Ueno (2006) suggest that the young girl characters in shojo manga (girls’ comics) tend to use less and less feminine language, this phenomenon is very similar to real life that the usage of joseigo is fading out. They both agree that shojo manga have made a big contribution to the disappearing of feminine language in Japan.

In Japanese traditional culture, it is important for a woman to consider akotobabijin (language beauty). Shimoda jiro (1872-1938), who made a huge contribution to women’s education, says“Women should display feminity in speech and demeanor. They should be gentle and modest….”

Therefore, some people particularly older men criticize the phenomenon of women not using appropriate gendered language nowadays as they think it will eventually erode the Japaneseness. They think the young generation should be taught at school on speaking appropriate feminine speech and the traditional Japanese women language deserves upbringing and to be preserved in order to get hold of the unique Japanese culture.(Haiilary 2001)

In this paper, I will find out the forms of speech that are commonly used by the young generations according to my research on the shojo manga (young girl’s comic) and the women’s magazines. I will examine these speech patterns by categorizing them into 3 Ks (Kereii, kawaii and kakoii) and a discussion of how to approach these 3 Ks will be taken next. The next session focuses on the question of how does the shojo manga contribute to the change to the female’s linguistic patterns. The phenomenon of female singers use vulgar form of pronoun in their songs will be analysed next. I will also conduct interview with 4 young Japanese females in order to find out how the new generation employs different forms of gendered speech depends on situation. Instead of giving up the stereotyped speech, the reason of why it is still worthwhile to be preserved is investigated after. Lastly, a discussion of whether gendered language will be gradually faded out or even disappeared in the Japanese society would be taken up.

Forms of women’s speech patterns found amongst young population

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