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g history, and Chinese characters also show a  profound  cultural  and  social  meaning.  Classical  Chinese  literature  is  precious spiritual  wealth  of  mankind.  Among  them,  Tao  Te  Ching  is  a  religious  classic  of Taoism  in  ancient  China,  and  also  has  a  universal  value  beyond  the  history  and religion. Therefore, it enjoys a significant cultural position not only in China, but also in the world. In the modern society, foreign people with a good command of Chinese expect  to  acquire  more  knowledge  about  Chinese  culture  through  more  and  more frequent  cultural  communications  between  the  West  and  the  East.  But  the  cultural difference becomes barriers between the western world and the ancient Oriental. Due to  a  lot  of  reasons,  many  classical  Chinese  literary  works  are  seldom  known  to  the world. From cultural perspective, translation is the key point to the culture exchange and  culture  transmission.  Therefore,  the  translation  of  Chinese  classics  attracts  more and more experts and scholars’ attention. In the early 16th century, Tao Te Ching had already been translated into several western  languages.  After  the  17th  century,  missionaries  with  the  help  of  merchant ships came back and forth between China and Europe to introduce Tao Te Ching and its  philosophical  thoughts  into  most  European  countries.  This  work  causes  great repercussions in the western world. In this condition, western translators are eager to translate  Tao  Te  Ching  into  other  languages,  such  as  Latin,  French,  German,  English and  so  on.  The  philosophical  thought  of  Lao-tzu  is  gradually  spread  across  the European  continent.  At  the  very  beginning,  western  translators  misunderstood  the meaning  of  Tao  Te  Ching’s  title,  so  they  translated  this  title  into  three  words respectively. They translated the first character as “the way”, the second character as “virtue” and the last character as “classic”. 
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2.2 The Study of the Translations of Tao Te Ching 
With the constant appearance of different translated versions of Tao Te Ching, the study and research of these versions become necessary.In 1995, the first research article about the English version of Tao Te Ching was written  by  Li  Yiyin  and  Jin  Bailin.  The  title  was  Analyze  the  L.C.Lau's  English Version of Tao Te Ching, which was published in journal Foreign Language Teaching. This article is regarded as the starting point of the study of English versions of Tao Te Ching. In this article, the authors only choose the 22nd chapter of Tao Te Ching as the o本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。