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rld he will fall into an unconsolable dilemma,where heonly sees the illusory value added to himself from others,while his inner naturegradually becomes lost,which may lead to extreme behaviour.Although uniqueness isnecessary for everyone to be who they are,in the first half of life,the personality isnot yet perfected and Ryder does not yet have a clear perception of himself,so it iseasy for him to go to extremes under the influence of archetypal imagery.

2.1.1 The Opposition of Persona

The main role of the persona is to adapt to the external world and should have advantages outweigh disadvantages to Ryder in the first half of his life.As a rule,thetask of adapting to the outside should be taken up by the dominant function ofconsciousness,which helps the individual to acquire the conditions for getting alongwith the society.But sometimes the inferior function leaps into action,in which casethe persona inevitably has some defects that cause it to become the opposite of thenormal persona.The protagonist becomes not as amiable as he thinks under theinfluence of the opposite persona.His symbolic character Brodsky is thus left to solvevarious problems in social relations in a wrong or awkward way.

2.2 Independence and Integration in the Second Half of Life

“Thus the encounter with the soul-image always means that the first half of lifewith its necessary adaptation to the outside world and the resulting extravertedorientation of consciousness is ended,”(Jacobi,1976:123)Then,Ryder enters thesecond half of life in which he maintains his individuality.At this point Ryder has togive up the opposite persona that he previously identified with and return to a healthyone,to make the shadows conscious,recognising his own problems and makecorrections,and finally to withdraw the projection of the anima as well as to find hisown uniqueness.Only by doing this will he be able to return to the right path ofachieving individuation and become individualistic and at the same time sociallyintegrated in the latter stage of his life.

2.2.1 Return to Persona

Caught in the trap of being the“inner figures”,Ryder urgently needs to return tohis proper persona.His arrogant personality has been greatly displayed in the first half,and the task now is to leave the heroic image behind and find his natural,unadulterated self.A healthy and complete persona will help Ryder to adapt to theoutside world while maintaining his uniqueness.This requires Ryder to adopt acorrect attitude towards the persona,neither over-identifying with the dilemma ofarrogance,nor over-adapted to make himself at a loss.

Chapter II The Maintenance of Individuality..................33

2.1 Extreme Behaviour in the First Half of Life........................33

2.1.1 The Opposition of Persona.................................33

2.1.2 Excessive Identification of Shadow..........................35

2.1.3 Projection of Anima...........................36

Chapter III The Integration in Collectives................................45

3.1 Unprincipled Self-sacrifice in the First Half of Life.......................45

3.1.1 Excessive Identification of Persona...........................45

3.1.2 Refusal of Shadow..................................48

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