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e arbitration tribunal and the Arbitration Commission s stamp shall be affixed to it.
裁决书应由仲裁庭全体或多数仲裁员署名,加盖仲裁委员会的印章。
Where a case is heard by an arbitration tribunal composed of three arbitrators, the award shall be decided by the majority of the arbitrators and the opinion of the minority may be written in the record and docketed into the file. When the arbitration tribunal cannot attain a majority opinion, the arbitral award shall be decided in accordance with the presiding arbitrator s opinion.
由3名仲裁员组成的仲裁庭审理的案件,仲裁裁决依全体或多数仲裁员的意见决定,少数仲裁员的意见可做成记录附卷。如仲裁庭不能形成多数意见时,仲裁裁决依首席仲裁员的意见作出。
3.衔接词大量使用。在语篇功能的衔接系统上, Halliday和Hanson在1976年出版的Cohesion in English一书中提出了5种衔接手段,即:照应、省略、替代、连接和词汇衔接。而在法律英语语篇中,为了避免歧义,表意准确,多使用词汇衔接,而在词汇衔接的重复、同义词和反义词、词汇同现等手段中,使用最多的是最不易产生歧义的重复。例如:
When the debtor receives the notice of the creditor s rights and the debtor has due creditor s rights to the assignor, and the creditor s rights of the debtor are due in priority to the assigned creditor s or due at the same time, the debtor may claim to offset each other to the assignee.
债务人在接到债权转让通知时,债务人对让与人享有债权,并且债务人的债权先与转让的债权到期或者同时到期的,债务人可以向受让人主张抵销。
在这则条例中, the debtor (债务人)的重复出现使权责更加明晰,表意更加具体精确。
4. 较多地使用复杂句。复杂句的较多使用使概念精确、表达严密、无懈可击,充分说明了法律语篇的严谨性和准确性特征。例如:
A delayed acceptance is one which is late to arrive but not late to dispatch, that is, the offeree dispatches the acceptance within the time limit for acceptance which can reach the offer or in due time under the normal circumstances, //but the acceptance reaches the offer or beyond the time limit because of other reasons, the acceptance shall be effective, except that, the offer or informs the offeree promptly that it does not accept the acceptance because it exceeds the time limit for acceptance.
承诺的延迟是未迟发而迟到的承诺,即受要约人在承诺期限内发出承诺,按照通常情形能够及时到达要约人,但因其他原因承诺到达要约人时超过了承诺的期限。此时,除要约人及时通知受要约人因承诺超过期限不接受该承诺以外,该承诺有效。
此例只有一句话,却有82词,其中两个分句包括定语从句,原因状语从句和宾语从句共5个。正是运用这种复杂的句式,才把承诺延迟这一问题解释得细致准确、无懈可击。
5.陈述句。法律语言所要阐明的就是公民的权利和义务,既不含个人主观意志,也不能有私人感情,一切都应从客观出发,所以法律英语语篇是通过陈述句结构发展,不像其他问题一样,常有感叹句、疑问句等。如前所述,越客观的东西就越显准确。
可以这样说,准确性是法律语