Toward Sustainable Urban Road Transport: Case Studies of Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen of China
论文作者:51lunwen论文属性:硕士毕业论文 dissertation登出时间:2006-12-07编辑:点击率:4423
论文字数:6894论文编号:org200612071344016213语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 44
关键词:
Toward Sustainable Urban Road Transport: Case Studies of Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen of China
I. Introduction
China has made a considerable progress in its economic development in the past two decades, with an average GDP growth rate of 9% per year. Although china is still being classified as a low-income developing country by international comparison, the estimated per capita purchasing power parity (PPP) was $2,920 in 1995,which is compatible to the group of the so-called “lower-middle-income” economies, according to the world bank’s definition. The increase in living standards has led to growing demands for high quality energy consumption and more convenient transportation services. And at the same time, the development of auto industry in china and the entering WTO have laid a strong basis for convenient, comfort and express transportation future. It is said, extensive use of automobiles will lead to traffic congestion, energy dry up and severe environmental problems as it shown in newly industrialized countries, such as Thailand and South Korea. But, at the other hand, transportation ought not be the bottle-neck of the development of economy, society and daily life. It is even one of the driving force for developing areas. To identity this, three cities were choosed to complete a case study. In this paper, the economy development, vehicle population and structure, infrastructural construction and investment, public transport, energy consumption and emission control of these three cities will be historically described in detail. These parts totally make up of the developing pattern of. urban road transport. After this some institutional arrangement and policy recommendation related to this area will be discussed.
II. Definitions of sustainable transport
Sustainable development is the development that meet the needs of the present generation without sacrifice the capability of the future generation to meet their own needs. It mainly focus on the two concepts of efficiency and equity and concentrates on the rare source and the increasingly exasperate environment. For the common view, to achieve sustainable development, it must pay the cost of sacrifice of the demand satisfactory of the present generation. It is wrong, at least partially confused. From the view of development, the future generation will possess more advanced technologies and they can find more effective ways to solve these problems. The increase in the proven energy reserve, the discover of new alternative energies, the improve of the engine efficiency and the broad use of rapid rail transit system, all of them show a prom sing future. In an other words, the sustainable development and the guarantee of the capability of the future generation ought not to be achieved by the cost of the natural demand satisfactory of the present generation.
A sustainable transport system must provide mobility and accessibility to all urban residents in a safe and environmentally friendly mode of transport. For a developing country, the transportation is still one of the driving force for the economy development before the complete change of the industry structure. How to economically and effectively satisfy the transportation demand of the present generation, especially the demand from producing field, is the core of sustainable transportation. The equity of low level is not advisable. Furthermore, this equity with the cost of the present generation’s natural demand is another
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