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Another strategy of large desert animals is to tolerate the
loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted
animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body
weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings
die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An
equally important adaptation is the ability to replenish this
water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious
volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe
over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person,
on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at
one session, because the human stomach is not sufficiently big
and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death
from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of
obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain
near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and
far-flung pastures. Desert-adapted mammals have the further
ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a
common experience in people that appetite is lost even under
conditions of moderate thirst.
29. What is the main topic of the passage?
(A) Weather variations in the desert
(B) Adaptations of desert animals
(C) Diseased of desert animals
(D) Human use of desert animals.
30. According to the passage, why is light coloring an advantage to large desert animals?
(A) It helps them hide from predators.
(B) It does not absorb sunlight as much as dark colors.
(C) It helps them see their young at night
(D) It keeps them cool at night.
31. The word "maintaining" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) measuring
(B) inheriting
(C) preserving
(D) delaying
32. The author uses of Grant's gazelle as an example of
(A) an animal with a low average temperature
(B) an animal that is not as well adapted as the camel
(C) a desert animal that can withstand high body temperatures
(D) a desert animal with a constant body temperature
33. When is the internal temperature of a large desert mammal lower?
(A) Just before sunrise
(B) In the middle of the day
(C) Just after sunset
(D) Just after drinking
34. The word "tolerate" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) endure
(B) replace
(C) compensate
(D) reduce
35. What causes water intoxication?
(A) Drinking too much water very quickly
(B) Drinking polluted water
(C) Bacteria in water
(D) Lack of water.
36. What does the author imply about desert-adapted mammals?
(A) They do not need to eat much food.
(B) They can eat large quantities quickly
(C) They easily lose their appetites.
(D) They can travel long distances looking for food.
37. Why does the author mention humans in the second paragraph?
(A) To show how they use camels.
(B) To contrast them to desert mammals.
(C) To give instructions about desert survival.
(D) To show how they have adapted to desert life.
38. The word "obtain" in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) digest
(B) carry
(C) save
(D) get
39. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an adaptation of large desert animals?
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