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adictionary of neologisms” (Laurie Bauer, 1983: 63). Each affix means the origin ofproducing a great numbers of new words. For example, added with the nominal suffix–er, almost all the verbs can become new nouns, meaning the person who carries outthe action of the verb, such as teacher, writer, worker; A lot of adjectives can also beadded with suffix –ness to form a new noun, meaning the quality, state or condition ofbeing… such as whiteness, greatness, goodness, and so on. “There are over 60 usualderivative affixes in English, and the quantity of derivative affixes is unlimited inprinciple”(汪榕培, 2001). In fact, the number of affixes is increasing with the timegoes by, for example, the –gate is one of the best well-known derivative suffixes,which is originated from the “Watergate scandal 1972” in Washington D.C.,associated with the greatest political scandal of that century and would change thelives of the many people involved. And from then on, the word gate has become asuffix to be added to any stems to form derivative words which are associated themeaning of scandal. That means derivation is a style of word formation that enablesus to enhance vocabulary effectively. That is why it arouses more and more linguistsand teachers’ interest into the study of affix and affixation. In general, affix teachinghas become English teachers’ indispensable part of job.

Chapter Two Literature Review

2.1 Linguistic Studies about Suffix
In this part, the brief history of linguistic studies will be concluded into fouraspects based on different linguistic approaches. With regarding to these studies, somelimitations can be found, as background in this research. As the linguistics has beencasting overwhelming influence on the second language acquisition and foreignlanguage teaching, these linguistic studies will show the foundation of the studiesabout suffix teaching.

2.1.1 Traditional Grammar’s Comparative Study of Suffix
The study of affix is dated from the Indian grammar Panini (Bloomfield, 2002:9-19; Velerie Adams 1973: 2, Laurie Bauer 1983:1). An antiquarian interest of Indialanguage which arose from 1200B.C. carried over into a more wide-range andpractical sphere. The Hindu grammarians extended their interest from the Scripturesto the upper-caste language, and made rules and lists of forms in order to describe thecorrect type of speech, which they called Sanskrit the grammar of Indian. After manygenerations’ working of a systematic arrangement of grammar and lexicon, thegrammar came out as Panini about 350 to 250B.C. This grammar started to describeinflection, derivation or affixation, composition, and every syntactic usage of itsauthor’s speech. Before long, the Panini grammar aroused the study of wordformation in Europe.At that time, the English word structure was studied from the view of historicalcomparison basically. As Bloomfield pointed out in his Language, “the discovery ofSanskrit disclosed European’s comparative study of Indo-European language in 19thcentury” (Bloomfield, 2002: 9-19).

Chapter Three Theoretical Framework ..........31-61
    3.1 Cognitive Linguistics: a New Approach......... 31-32
    3.2 Categorization Theory .........32-39
    3.3 The Cognitive Status of Prototype......... 39-41
    3.4 Prototype and Language .........41-59
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