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ons
T5             Wild animals
T6                People
T7               animals
T8                they
主位1是全局性主位(global theme),全局性主位具有划分语篇宏观结构(schematic structure)的作用。单独观察主位2,3,4,5,我们会觉得它们之间缺乏紧密的联系,但是考虑到主位1 (Animals),就会发现这4个主位: Dogs, Horses, Pigeons以及Wild animals都是Animals的下义词或其中的一部分,所以它们都是主位1的派生主位。这样我们可以预测该篇章的宏观结构:分别对这4个主位的内容进行描述。事实上,该语篇的发展也正是如此。
如果要进一步了解文章可能会描述这4个主位各自哪个方面的内容,就要继续观察各小句述位的特点。
R1:…perform many…jobs.
R2:…are particularly valuable in guiding the blind, protecting property, finding lost people, and hunting criminals.
R3:…are used in guarding herds, carrying men in lands…, and helping farmers work their land.
R4: have long been used to carry messages.
R5:…are popular performers…
R6:…realize
R7:…may not have the same intelligence…
R8:…are smart enough to learn certain things.
主位6、7、8都是分析这段文字的最后一句得到的。因为最后一句属于句式主位(clausal theme),其中包含3个小句,对该句从多个层次上进行分析,结果有这3个主位。
下面我们通过列举每一段的第一个句子来看看整个语篇的发展线索:
Para 1: Animals perform many useful and entertaining jobs.
Para 2: The first thing a dog is taught is to obey…
Para 3: Training a dog to be a watchdog…
Para 4: Masters of dogs…
Para 5: Dogs can be taught…
Para 6: After a dog learns…
Para 7: Dogs are extremely useful…
Para 8: Horses are also able to learn many things.
Para 9: Pigeons have a natural instinct to return home,…
Para 10: Animals can learn to do many things…
Para 11: Another trainer had an elephant and tiger…
Para 12: The moving pictures and television can use trained animals too.
结合我们对第一段所做的分析,不难看出整篇文章的发展都是围绕第一段进行的。第一段中的T2(Dogs),构成了从第2段到第7段发展的出发点;T3 (Horses)和T4(Pigeons)分别构成了第8和第9段的出发点;T5 (Wild animals)构成了从第10段到第12段的出发点。本论文来源于英语论文网（https://w本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。