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本文以顺应关联模式为理论基础研究具体的语料美剧《绝望主妇》中的语用标记语进行分析。研究发现，在日常的言语交际中，人们通常会使用各种标记语来达到交际目的。大多数标记语用来阐述观点，或表达前后信息的对比关系。希望本文可以对该研究领域有所贡献。
Chapter One Introduction
1.1 The Background of this Study
It is very common that pragmatic markers exist in communication,specifically in the verbal communication.In this thesis,the author adopts the term of pragmatic markers that are composed of many linguistic expressions,such as but,so,well,oh,I mean,you know and so on to study these linguistic expressions in the specific context.In a broad way,pragmatic markers comprise a wide range of linguistic expressions that are used for serving as the clues to understand the speaker’s communication needs and then achieve the purpose of communication. In this study,the term of pragmatic markers includes basic markers,commentary pragmatic markers,parallel markers and discourse markers.
Pragmatic markers have drawn the attention of some scholars in the past decades.In particular,since the representative masterpiece Discourse Markers written by Schiffrin was published in 1987,many scholars have studied these linguistic expressions from the different perspectives,including the coherence perspective,the grammatical-pragmatic,the relevance-based perspective and the adaptation-based perspective.These expressions have some common features and different functions in the specific communication.For instance,Schourup holds that these expressions can’t affect the propositional content of the discourse.In some way, they are non-truth condition meaning and they can be removed from the utterance in which they happen.More and more people concentrate on studying these expressions in the specific context.
Although there is no agreement term of pragmatic markers and many linguists adopt different terms for these expressions,there is no deny that the study of these expressions is a growth industry in different fields.(Fraser,1999:932)In fact,many scholars adopt different terms for these expressions just to study them in a convenient way.In the past years,many different linguists have focused on this field.Different scholars have their focus in the field.What’s more, some scholars have begun to compare the differences between the two languages.The details of pragmatic markers will be elaborated in the next chapter.

Bibliography
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Aijmer,Karin and Simon-Vandenbergen.2003.Pragmatic Markers in Contrast[M].Emerald Group Publishing.
Aijmer,Karin.2002.English discourse particle.Evidence from a corpus[M].Amsterdam/ Philadelphia:John Benjamins,
Anderson,G.1998.The pragmatic markers like from a relevance-theoretic perspective[A]. https://www.51lunwen.org/usa/

In A. H.Jucker&Y.Ziv(eds).Discourse markers:descriptions and theory[C].Amsterdam:John Benjamins.pp.147-170
Anderson,G.2001.Pragmatic markers and sociolinguistic variation[M].Amsterdam/
Philadelphia:John Benjamins,
Anderson,G&T.Fretheim.2000.Pragmatic Markers and Propositional Attitude[M].John Benjamins Publishing co.
Blakemore,D.1987.Semantic Constraints on Relevance[M].Oxford:Blakewell.

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