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the basis for the development of business and furthercooperation. (wordy)(3b) The satisfactory fulfillment of the cont ract by bothparties will be the basis for the development of business andfurther cooperation. (concise)(3b)之所以表达了简练的主义效果 ,其原因就在于名词化结构代替了以动词为中心的小句结构 ,使结构紧密 ,把更多的信息融为一体 ,突出了法律语篇简练的文体要求。
     (二)商务英语合同中的名词化结构类型
     名词化结构用以表明抽象思维的逻辑性和概念化 ,从而使语体更加庄重、 更加具有书面语言的风格。为达到简洁确切、 严密客观地表达复杂概念的目标 ,商务英语合同中广泛使用以下几种类型的名词化结构组合:      1.用of 连接主谓关系。如:That the L/ C complies with what is stipulated in thecont ract is of vital importance.The compliance of the L/ C with the stipulations of theCont ract is of vital importance. (名词结构)     2.用of 连接动宾关系。如:One of the most important factors is that proceeds aret ransmit ted f rom the buyer to the seller in t ransactionssmoothly.One of the most important factors is the smooth t rans2mission of proceeds f rom the buyer to the seller in t ransac2tions. (名词结构) 。     3.用 of 连接含有 by 的短语 ,把从句转换成名词短语。如:The both parties fulfilled the cont ract satisfactorily willbe the basis for the development of business and further co2operation.The satisfactory fulfillmem of the cont ract by both par2ties will be the basis for the developmem of business and fur2ther cooperation. (名词化结构)     4.将被动结构转换成名词。如:It has been agreed that Party B may use the t rademarksowned by Party A for the sale of the Washing Machines cov2ered herein within the validity.An agreement has been made that Party B may use thet rademarks owned by Party A for the sale of the WashingMachines covered herein within the validity. (名词化结构)    5.将副词与动词一起转换成名词词组。如:The quality , quantity , condition and/ or weight of thegoods odered by the buyer shall st rictly conform to the Con2t ract stipulations.The quality , quantity , condition and/ or weight of thegoods ordered by the buyer shall be in st rict/ exact conformitywith the Cont ract stipulations. (名词化结构) 
     四 　 商务英语合同中名词化结构的语篇功能 
     Halliday认为 ,在一致式中 ,一个语法范畴体现一个语义特征 ,而在隐喻式中 ,一个语法范畴体现双重语义特征。名词化结构可体现参与者和过程两种语义。如:(4a) I f the cont racting parties dispute with each othe ,they shall set tle the dispputes though.(4b) Should there be any disputes between the cont rac2ting parties they shall be set tled through.在一致式(4a)中 ,过程由 dispute with each other 体现 ,在隐喻式(4b)中 ,名词化的 disputes 从语义选择上来说 ,是参与者 ,但是体现了过程的语义特征。名词化结构由于以名词的结构出现 ,具有了名词的特征 ,比如可以加上修饰词修饰 ,可以被量化、 质化等。如(4b)中的名词化结构 dispute 通过复数标记2s而量化 ,其逻辑主语 the cont racting parties 成为了后置修饰语。名词化结构的双重语义特征必然使其具有特殊的语篇功能。
     1.名词化结构能够隐去施动者 ,增强语篇的客观性。      从以上例句可以看出 ,名词化把过程变成了参与者 ,隐去了逻辑上的参与者 ,或者说施动者 ,使得句子具有客观性 ,在文体上增加了严肃性和法律性。合同语言可谓是正式程度最高的书面语 ,它兼有法律和公文的英语文体色彩 ,因此名词化的使用在合同中尤其常用。再如 , (4a)和(4b)两句话 ,由于(4b)使用了名词化结构 ,不受人的感情和意志因素的影响 ,增强了客观性 ,显然比(4a)更适合于合同语言。又如:(5a) …af ter the two parties consider the premises andconsulatef riendly the agree to enter into the cont ract …(5b) …in consideration of the premises , the two partiesthrough f riendly consultations agree to enter into this con2t ract …(5a)中的动词consider 和 consulate 因为名词化 ,原来的主语 the two parties 丢失 ,宾语 the premises 成了名词化之后consideration 的后置修饰语 ,状语 f riendly 成了名词化的consultation的修饰语。由于施动者成分丢失 ,摆脱了人的因素 ,增强了客观性。名物化结构通过隐去施动者 ,使语篇更加客观。
     2.名词化结构的逻辑主语或者逻辑宾语成为修饰成分 ,使语篇简洁。(6a) As soon as the Buyers receive the Sellers’ deliveryadvice they shall …(6b) Upon receipt of本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。