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of the great people, we can see the further in this field.   

2.1 Previous Studies of Skopostheorie in Translation 
The  functionalist  Skopostheorie  has  been  considered  as  the  most  influential  German school  of  translation  since  1970s.  Katharina  Reiss,  Hans  J.Vemeer,  Justa  Holz-Manttari and Christiane Nord are the major representatives of Skopostheorie, and they contribute a lot  to  the  development  of  the  Skopostheorie.  From  the  early  works  of  Reiss  discussing translation  criticism  within  equivalence-based  theory  and  finding  “equivalence”  is  not possible  and  desired  in  some  circumstances,  to  the  joint  efforts  of  Reiss  and  Vermeer taking  the  Skopostheorie  as  the  general  theory  of  translation  and  presenting  the  idea  of correlating text type and translation method, the Skopostheorie becomes mature gradually. Nord goes a step further, coming up with the “function and loyalty” model to make up for the deficiencies of Skopostheorie. As the Skopostheorie can provide significant guidance for  translation  practices,  it  gains  great  popularity  in  many  counties  including  China.  In the following part, studies of the Skopostheorie will be reviewed. 
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2.2 Previous Studies of the Translation of Cosmetic Instructions 
Recent  years  see  a  flourish  in  the  study  on  translation  of  cosmetic  instructions,  for Chinese people are more and more concerned with their appearance and they need more beauty  products  imported  from  abroad.  Many  scholars  approach  the  translation  of cosmetic instructions from different perspectives. Some  scholars  approached  the  translation  of  cosmetic  instruction  from  a  culture perspective.  Zheng  Yuqi  and  Guo  Yanhong(2005)  focused  on  the  aesthetic  effect produced  by  the  cosmetic  instructions  and  they  approached  the  cosmetic  instructions from two aspects, namely, beauty in form and beauty in content. They believed when the content  and  the  form  are  beautiful,  the  translation  is  successful.  Luo  Zifeng,  Jiang Xianwen(2010)  related  the  differences  between  Chinese  and  western  cultures  to  the translation  of  cosmetic  instructions  They  found  the  differences  in  Chinese  and  western medicine  culture,  thinking  mode,  and  cultural  image  affect  the  translation  of  cosmetics. Translators  should  take  all  the  differences  into  consideration  when  translating  cosmetic instructions本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。