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ent direct and indirect production of public goods supply two situations .

Direct government production of public goods include three types: government services , government sold , intergovernmental agreements . In government services , the government is both a provider of public goods funds , but also direct producers of public goods . In the government sold , the government is the producer of public goods , individuals or organizations as consumers to buy from the government institutions of public goods . Intergovernmental agreements between different levels of government may enter into contracts to provide certain public goods , the supply of responsibilities between different administrative regions reconfiguration and adjusted to better address regional issues and to cope with rising costs.

Government indirect supply , means that the government is not the main body of the direct production of public goods , but through government procurement and government subsidies to encourage and support non-governmental sector to provide public goods . In pure government provision , the government is the core, primarily financed the purchase of non-governmental sector produced goods and services. What is produced, how much to produce , producer prices and quality standards are decided by the Government . Government indirect supply of public goods , mainly: government grants , voucher system , government procurement . ( 1 ) government grants. In government subsidies , the public goods producers are private for-profit or non-profit organizations, government provides grants to select specific producers , consumers select specific producers purchase items , pay for government subsidies to producers in the form of funds , tax-free , or other tax incentives, low-interest loans , loan guarantees and so on. Generally, government grants for certain public policy objectives , in order to maintain and promote a supply of public goods , such as environmental protection . ( 2 ) voucher system . Corresponds with government grants is the voucher system . Voucher is around specific items for specific consumer groups implement subsidies. The difference is that grants are subsidies to producers and consumers a subsidy vouchers to freedom of choice in the market, subsidized goods . In the subsidy , the government selected producers and consumers , and in the way of vouchers , consumers alone to choose. From the consumer's point of view options , vouchers superior way than the way of subsidies . ( 3 ) government procurement . Government procurement refers to the public sector, including public transport , public health , public education and other public goods to the private sector procurement . That is government money , the market production of public goods . By bidding , private businesses, nonprofit organizations and government signed a contract on the supply of public goods , the production of a public goods according to the contract .

Supply of public goods is a basic function of government . Government authority means the supply of public goods is the most important of all institutional arrangements arrangements. Government supply is to promote economic and social development is the foundation upon which a society , but also the public 's living standards and improved quality of life assurance. Although since the 1980s increasingly diverse way of supplying public goods , but the government is still the supply of p本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。