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小额信贷是当今世界金融的一个新兴学科。不仅在印度,在全球范围内小型信贷正变得越来越重要。小额信贷是革命性的,它旨在帮扶穷人的贫困,他们被认为是迄今为止除了慈善机构外不适合任何形式的融资。小额信贷通常不是由传统的金融机构提供服务，它是为穷人提供金融服务的一种信贷服务。从三个特征可以区分小额贷款产品与正规金融产品，分别是:(1)贷款额度小，节省收集资源 (2)不需要基于资产的抵押 (3)简单操作(小额信贷政策、监管和监督框架,尼日利亚,2005)。经济学术语“小额信贷”鼓励探索的整个范围的金融需求和穷人的经济需求。

小额信贷机构目前在100多个国家,超过9200万个服务点服务。小额信贷的概念最初出现在亚洲，是印度和孟加拉国等国家用来资助贫困农村地区的政策。在过去的十年中,印度的小额信贷行业发展速度相当稳定。尽管小额信贷机构没有在印度达到接近孟加拉小额信贷机构的规模,但印度软件行业的特点——方法和法律形式的多样性一直维持着小额信贷机构多年来一直增长的状况。

The Association Of Community Development Finance Institutions Economics Essay

Microfinance is an emerging discipline in the financial world today. It is gaining importance by leaps and bounds not only in India but also internationally. Microfinance is revolutionary in the sense that it aims at servicing the poorest of the poor, who were hitherto considered unfit for any form of financing except charity. Microfinance is about providing financial services to the poor who are traditionally not served by the conventional financial institutions. Three features distinguish microfinance from other formal financial products. These are: (i) the smallness of loans advanced and or savings collected, (ii) the absence of asset-based collateral, and (iii) simplicity of operations (Microfinance Policy, Regulatory and Supervisory Framework for Nigeria, 2005). The term microfinance encourages exploration of the entire range of financial needs and requirements of poor people.

Microfinance institutions currently operate in over 100 countries, serving more than 92 million clients1. The idea of Microfinance arose in Asia as a reaction to the abject rural poverty prevalent in countries such as India and Bangladesh. Over the past decade, the microfinance sector has been growing in India at a fairly steady pace. Though no MFIs2 in India has yet reached anywhere near the scale of the well-known Bangladeshi MFIs, the sector in India is characterised by a wide diversity of methodologies and legal forms. MFIs have been growing over the years. The microfinance market in India is predominantly rural. However, in the recent years, it has been observed that Indian MFIs are also expanding their operations in the urban areas at a fast pace.

According to Sa-Dhan3 Bharat Microfinance Report, Microfinance Focus March 2011, nearly one-third of the MFIs has significant urban orientation (with more than 50% urban clients). Nearly 20% of the MFIs in the sample have more than 75% of their total clients who lives in urban areas. As on 31 March 2010, about 27% of the total clients of the

1 MIX Market .org

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