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ral cooperation frameworks in the world. Finally, we conclude that Japan’s RE foreign policy confirms the neoclassical realist’s premise that states tend to exert their influence in global affairs and shape the external environment as means to address the uncertainties in the anarchic international system.

 

Neoclassical Realism and Gideon Rose’s Model of Foreign Policy Analysis

 

One of the most recent of the realist schools, neoclassical realism offers more comprehensive insights on the complexities surrounding the formulation of a state’s foreign policy. As Jeffrey W. Taliaferro rightly describes it, the neoclassical realists, while traces their foreign policy theory from neorealist Kenneth Waltz’s argument of anarchic state of international system, deviate from other realist schools’ in terms of inclusion of internal factors (in the form of intervening variables) within the analysis of the relationship between systemic inducements (independent variables) and foreign policies (dependent variables). [1] Unlike neorealists who generalize states’ foreign policies as similar units to each other and dismissible of the roles internal conditions play within the state, [2] neoclassical realists seek to do otherwise. The latter, in turn, stresses the importance of disparity between states at unit levels that consequently, results in different foreign policy pursuits in the international system. Simply put it, neoclassical realists, as to Rose, view an individual state’s foreign policy conducts as an outcome of the interface between internal factors (the existing internal/domestic conditions) of a particular state with that of systemic pressures from the external world order. [3] Caution, however, has to be made in that in Rose’s view, such an interrelation is one-directional, meaning it is the systemic pressures which exert their influences upon the internal factors within an individual state and not the other way round.

 

Another important point that has to be clarified here is that this paper views economic security and power as two different concepts instead of ends and means of a state’s foreign policy pursuits as what neorealist Kenneth Waltz had argued about. The fact that Waltz is a proponent of the principle that states would not allow power to become an ends by itself, leads to his proposition that relative power is what states make of it and strive to attain in their search for national security within the anarchic world order. [4] Departing from such a stand, this paper stands by the neoclassical realists’ rejection of such narrow conception of security and power and takes the middle course that accepts the existence of both elements of security and relative power within the uncertain international system. [5] The adoption of an impartial stance on this matter helps to draw theoretical explanations into middle ground and hence, preclude the neoclassical realist theory from the rule-biased trap which some realist schools have fallen into. Besides, the unbiased position held within neoclassical realism also magnifies the roles played by unit-level variables within internal factors. This marks a departure from many本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。