摘要:本文是分析储蓄和投资的经济作用的一篇留学生经济学论文,储蓄和投资是宏观经济学的两个关键元素。储蓄和投资这一术语有时让我们困惑,我们使用时经常互换这些术语。所以储蓄和投资的概念应该了解清楚。
lication a surplus in the current account of the balance of payments(3 percent of GDP according to Bangladesh Bank data).
The connection between the two-gaps is that while investment drives growth, much of the required capital goods cannot be locally produced due to low level of development and, as such, they need to be imported. Without adequate exports, which are themselves constrained by low domestic capacities, the required volume of imports underlying the investment path is not finance able.
Page No-3
By definition, the two gaps must match --the lack of which is a statistical error. The current account balance is a relatively more accurate indicator of the saving-investment
surplus. The larger surplus in the national account is most likely a reflection of underestimation of consumption or investment, or both. Despite this statistical problem, a surplus in the current account is a remarkable result for a country that is still very poor(40 percent poverty rate) and has low income.
GDP, party due to implementation capacity constraints but also due to financing constraints. Poor public resource mobilization limits the ability to convert private savings into public investment funds. Both these constraints could be relieved through a public-private partnership (PPP) initiative. This is constrained by inappropriate policy frame work in terms of legal issues, incentives, risk-sharing, financing instruments and dispute resolution mechanism. Resolution of the issues and challenges constraining investment is not impossible. These can be addressed if there is strong political will and commitment.
Sadiq Ahmed
5. Economic growth in Bangladesh began to decline since FYO6 at roughly the same time that its public investment rate started falling. The decline in growth also appears to coincide with slowdown in growth of infrastructure capital in the hard infrastructure sectors; particularly energy, transport and communication. It is therefore tempting to think that the two may be correlated.
Indeed, economic theory suggests that the availability of economic and social infrastructures makes it conducive for the private sector to invest; higher public capital increases productivity and reduces costs; and by increasing demand public investment gives rise to profit and sales expectations which in turn induce private investments. These are known as the crowding-in effects of public investment. Crowding in, however, cannot be taken for granted. Public investment can also crowd out private investment if it is made in activities that compete with the private sector. In addition, the growth impact of increased public investment depends on how it is financed. If it is financed through higher public debt, which implies higher future
taxation levels, private investments may get crowded out.
Zahid Hossain Page No-4
6. Using Fixed Effect, Random Effect and between or CS models, we find there is low correlation between saving and investment in Bangladesh., India, Pakistan, Srilanka
and Nepal. However this result does not necessarily imply high capital mobility in these countries as capital mobility is influenced by other factors also such as the economic size, difference in financial structure across countries, fiscal policy coordination etc.
Mohammad Salahuddin & Abdullah M. Noman
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