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世界贸易应注重发展可持续增长

当今世界贸易制度的重点在于极大地改善市场准入，而不是在发展和可持续发展。丹尼?罗德里克提出的观点是，发展不只是减少贸易壁垒，所有的多哈发展议程寻求实现进口关税和开放市场。相反，它在很大程度上取决于国内机构如何进行发展的政策，以及他们如何发展出当地的价值观与国际接轨成功的合并方案。

他强调，通过许多例子，即无论国家是否已通过体制创新成功地保持高增长率，他们当地的传统与不断变化的全球方案（灸烤，2007年）已经成功整合。

罗德里克提出的另一观点是，对任何国家任何行业组织，应该把促进发展和扶贫工作作为主要目标;不增加市场准入和促进贸易。他强调指出，只有目的是促进发展、提高技能和能力、缓解自身贫困的人才能获得更好的教育、更好的培训和更大的就业机会。

World Trade Should Focus On Development Sustainable Growth Economics Essay

The world trade regime today focuses greatly on improving market access rather than on development and sustainable growth. From Dani Rodrik’s viewpoint, development is not just about reducing trade barriers, import tariffs and opening up markets- all of which the Doha development agenda sought to achieve. Instead, it depends largely on how domestic institutions undertake development as a policy and how they develop programs which successfully amalgamate local values with international standards.

He emphasizes through many examples, that whichever countries have managed to maintain high growth rates have done so through institutional innovation, and successful integration of their local traditions with the ever changing global scenario (Griller, 2007).

Another point which Rodrik raises is that for any country, and for any trade organization, promoting development and working towards poverty alleviation should be the main aim; not increasing market access and promoting trade. He highlights that when the aim is to promote development, and to improve the skills and capabilities of people, poverty is alleviated on its own as people have access to better education, better training and far greater employment opportunities. This in turn leads to progress and growth. Trade regimes should therefore focus on these aspects of development and use trade as a key to promote such objectives. Instead, in most cases, the scenario is reversed. Trade is used primarily to increase market access, which often includes removing barriers and tariffs and which almost always works in favour of the developed world (Hulfbauer, Schott, 2010).

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A similar case was that of the Doha rounds which sought liberalization of the trade of agricultural products through removing export subsidies, of services and of tariffs for various non agricultural products. It also sought to allow market access for the exports of developing nations by removing tariffs and quotas. According to Rodrik, however, trade is not just about removing duties and tariffs. Considering its widespread effects, trade goes much beyond that and encompasses institutional values. Maintaining these values can hardly be done simply through opening up markets and allowing unrestricted flow of products and services. Also, development often gets crushed under various priorities like profit maximization (Hohmann, 2008).

Such economic goals which focus on enhancing profits through expanding businesses often override the goals of promoting institutions whose development will lead to overall sustainable development. The concept of values again come to the fore here. Government, trade regimes, individual organizations and multinational organizations must establish a set of guiding principles which define what comes first for them and for the ben本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。