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论文作者:英语论文论文属性:作业 Assignment登出时间:2014-11-06编辑:yangcheng点击率:12137
论文字数:4278论文编号:org201411051334203522语种:英语 English地区:澳大利亚价格:免费论文
关键词:留学生作业外国直接投资(fdi)案例分析Economics Essay
摘要:这是一篇留学生外国直接投资(fdi)的案例分析,外国直接投资储备是指在给定的时间内外国资产的累计总额。我们常谈论到的外国直接投资流出量是指外国直接投资从一个国家输出的数量。
Home Country Effects: Costs
Against these benefits must be set the apparent costs of FDI for the home (source) country. The most important concerns center around the balance of payments and employment effects of outward FDI. The home country’s trade position (its current account) may deteriorate if the purpose of the foreign investment is to serve the home market from low cost production location. For instance, when a US textile company shuts its plants in South Carolina and moves production to Central America, imports into the US rose and trade position deteriorated. The current account of the balance of payments also suffers if the FDI is a substitute for direct exports. Thus, insofar as Toyota’s assembly operations in the US are intended to substitute for direct exports from Japan, the current account position of Japan will deteriorate.
WHAT Government Policy Instruments ARE USED TO MANAGE FDI?
By their choice of policies, home countries can both encourage and restrict FDI by local firms. We look at policies designed to encourage outward FDI first. These include foreign risk insurance, tax incentives, and political pressure. Then we will look at policies designed to restrict outward FDI.
Home Country Policies to Encourage Outward FDI
Many investor nations now have government backed insurance programs to cover major types of foreign investment risks. The types of risks insurable through these programs include risks of expropriation (nationalization), war losses and the inability to transfer profit back home. Such programs are particularly useful in encouraging firms to undertake investments in politically unstable countries.
Home Country Policies to Restrict Outward FDI
Virtually all investor countries, including the US, have tried to exercise some control over outward FDI from time to time. One common policy has been to limit capital outflows out of certain concern for the country’s balance of payment. From the early 1960s until 1979, for example, Britain had exchange control regulations that limited the amount of capital a firm could take out of the country. Although the main intent was to improve the British balance of payments, an important secondary intent was to make it more difficult for British firms to undertake FDI.
In addition countries have manipulated tax rules to encourage their firms to invest at home. The objective behind such policies is to create jobs at home rather than in other nations. At one time the British taxed companies’ foreign earnings at a higher rate than their domestic earnings本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。