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美国留学商科硕士论文 [8]

论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2015-05-14编辑:felicia点击率:27987

论文字数:10112论文编号:org201505081858411342语种:英语 English地区:美国价格:免费论文

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摘要:这是一篇优秀的美国留学论文,通过浅析企业家精神为大家阐述了企业家精神的重要性和对企业发展的重要意义,希望大家能够从这篇文章得到启迪。

and Ludwig Von Mises.


The first two economists who considered entrepreneur were both French. Richard Cantillon defined entrepreneur as those willing to buy at a certain price and sell at uncertain one. (Blaug 1986; 220) while Jean Baptise Say tertmed entrepreenruship as combining of factors of production into an organiasm. Entrepreneur and capatilst were also confused however it was suggested that entrepreneurial profit can be termed as rent of ability (Hans Von Mangoldt 1824-68).


Among the Neo-classical economists entrepreneurship was classified as ‘rent on ability' (Marshal 1842-1924) while others ignored entrepreneurs as neutral entities in terms of profit or loss in equilibrium conditions (Walrus cited by Schumpeter 1954: 893). Frank Knight's Risk, Uncertainty and Profit (1921) explained entrepreneurship in terms of risk (where objective probability can be calculated) and Uncertainty (where nothing can be known). She classified entrepreneurial profit as profit derived from bearing uncertainty which is consistent with neo-classical framework as entrepreneurs. Mark Cason views entrepreneur as specialist on decision making regarding coordination of scarce resources (Cason 1983; 23). Isreal Kirzner termed entrepreneurship as alertedness to profit making opportunities; he argues that entrepreneurs restore the equilibrium of economy. The argument is often contrasted with Schumpeter's thought of entrepreneurs as disrupting the equilibrium. Mises and Kirzner both agree that one entrepreneur's error becomes other entrepreneur's opportunity. Kirzner's insights also draw from Ludwig Von Hayek (199-1992). Hayek's relates entrepreneurship to knowledge. The knowledge about local condition where profit can be made come more in form of ‘discovering new information ' rather than being preceded by analysis of already present information and diagnosing it as incomplete.


The above insights are of significant importance for theory and practice. An entrepreneur is someone who takes on selected uncertainties as he is alert to ‘appropriate for profit' uncertainty. Entrepreneur is specialist decision maker and goes through ‘discovery of information' process. A comprehensive sketch of entrepreneurship consists of various external and internal forces shaping the process of entrepreneurship. At an individual lies the ability of a human to interpret opportunity, decide to take on an uncertain situation while discover information throughout the process. Economy is but one element of the ‘habitat' of entrepreneurs, they are doing all these activities in a social setting where all non-economic social sciences become relevant to exploring the concept in further detail.


2.2 Contributions of Non-Economic Social Sciences literature


Non Economic social sciences have contribution from a much larger variety of perspectives on entrepreneurship though it lacks the coherence which is the mainstay of economics literature on entrepreneurship


2.2.1 The contribution of psychology


Psychological theories of entrepreneurship pay attention to personality traits, motives and incentives of one individual.


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