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论文作者:留学生论文论文属性:法律备忘录 legal memorandum登出时间:2011-01-21编辑:anterran点击率:5224
论文字数:5385论文编号:org201101210927019566语种:英语 English地区:英国价格:$ 22
关键词:TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ISSUESTechnology Transferbusinessprocesstechnology or skills
TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER ISSUES
Technology Transfer describes the process by which one business, the 留学生论文网originator in this lecture, or the Licensor, transfers in some way, it expertise or technology or skills or even its tooling or equipment to another company, the recipient or the Licensee.
1. What is Technology Transfer
Technology Transfer is the transfer of expertise in technology. It can take many forms. Oral information is the simplest form of transfer, so technology transfer can take place over the telephone for instance. It is likely that a huge amount of expertise transfers by this method, but it vary hard to monitor. In many other cases expertise or technology is transferred by email, by post, at meetings, in documents.
In many cases of course, companies want to control the transfer of technology. One obvious reason for this is because technology has value; another is due to export control restrictions on many technologies.
Licensing of a patent is also a Technology Transfer
2. How does it work?
Technology Transfer is normally carried out by agreement. This can be a technology transfer agreement, but it can also be done by a technical support agreement. It normally involves one company offering to hand over (for a payment) some of its know-how, skills and/or technology. It can also involve the hand over of drawings, documents, manuals, standards for production.
3. When does it occur?
Technology transfer is often part of a larger transaction. For instance, as part of a franchise agreement, or a long term supply agreement; or as part of a joint venture.
Examples:
1. Transfer of production standards – drawings and technical information
Sometimes a company wishes to set up a long term supply agreement. They may want to use another company who have particular expertise in certain production processes and in order to ensure that the supplies are manufactured to the correct standards. The buyer may licence a patent, or may allow access to confidential information under the terms of some form of confidentiality agreement as a precursor to an agreement whereby they will allow access to drawings or technical specifications. This will then be tied into an exclusive long term supply agreement
2. Know-how – employee involvement
Sometimes on the other hand, it can be difficult to transfer expertise simply in the form of drawings or manuals or specifications. For instance, how do you explain how much to tighten a screw or just in what way you need to put pressure on the parts of an assembly to dis-assemble it? The easiest way to do this is often to second employees as trainers to show how to carry out activities. Manuals are often not enough. In format, there will be confidentiality obligations, specification of the know how to be transferred, a timescale for it to occur and then details of training and the cost of training.
Sometimes the training element is the most important and parties need to be clear what the purpose of this is and the outcome. In many cases, it may be necessary to meet local content rules and for this purpose training may be necessary to ensure that sufficient work can be done in country to meet these. Of course, government policy on local content is usually to aim to improve the skills base of the country and to make it more competitive in internatio本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。