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w beginning to see a new technology called RFID and even though this technology is much smarter than barcode it will be many years before it is able to take over from bar codes.

 

RFID tags are categorized as either active or passive. Active RFID tags are powered by an internal battery and typically enable tag data to be rewritten and modified. Such tags might be used, for example, when manufacturing a part to give 留学论文 a machine a set of instructions and have the machine report its performance to the tag. The tag would capture these data so that they are added to the history of the tagged part. Active tags generally have a longer read range, but they are larger in size, cost more, and have a shorter operational life (up to 10 years) than passive tags. Automated toll-collection systems such as EZ Pass use active RFID tags.

 

Passive RFID tags do not have a separate power source and obtain their operating power from the radio frequency energy transmitted by the RFID reader. They are smaller, lighter, and less expensive than active tags with a virtually unlimited operational lifetime. They also have shorter read ranges than active tags and require a higherpowered reader. Passive tags are usually read-only and are programmed with data that cannot be modified.

 

RFID systems operate in a number of unlicensed frequency bands worldwide. Lowfrequency systems (30 kilohertz to 500 kilohertz) have short reading ranges (inches to a few feet) and lower system costs. Low-frequency systems are often used in security, asset tracking, or animal identification applications. High-frequency 留学论文RFID systems (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz) offer reading ranges that can extend beyond 90 feet and have high reading speeds. High-frequency RFID applications include railroad car tracking or automated toll collection for highways or bridges.

 

A RFID tag with an integrated circuit will never be as inexpensive as a bar code label, and RFID systems will not supplant bar codes entirely. However, RFID systems will become popular where bar codes or other optical technologies are not effective.

In inventory control and supply chain management, RFID can capture and manage more detailed information about items in warehouses or in production than https://www.51lunwen.org/StudentPapers/ bar-coding systems. If a large number of items are shipped together, RFID can track each pallet, lot, or even unit item in the shipment. Manufacturers using RFID will be able to track the production history of each product for better understanding of product defects and successes.

 

The real savings from RFID come from the way it can improve an entire business process. Data from suppliers can be carried on tags and uploaded into the receiving company's enterprise system or supply chain management system the moment a component is delivered. RFID systems can give suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers much more detailed and real-time data for https://www.51lunwen.org/StudentPapers/ control over inventory, shipping, and other logistics. RFID could even change the way invoices are paid by triggering an electronic payment to the shipper once a tagged pallet enters a retailer's warehouse

 

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