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e is pre-eminent, but for other person the family and private life is the most important. It suggests that people have different motivations and employees work for different reasons.

How these theories can be used by managers to motivate employees? Motivating employee is not so easy, because it includes a lot of organizational and individual factors. These theories help managers to understand how they can motivate employees. First of all, managers should understand that effort is not enough to do work well, employee must be provided with supportive work environment such as tools, fitting, budget and time. Successful performance can not be without these things. Employee's task is to do a good performance, managers task is to help employees to reach desired outcomes. Then, managers should offer necessary trainings and practice to raise employee's motivation, skills and self-confidence. It is important to encourage employees to make them feel confident that they are able to perform at the required level.

Next, according to goal-setting theory managers should set clear and precise goals. Employees should focus on precisely stated goals rather than vague objectives such as 'do your best' or work hard all the time. It is much easier for employees to choose their behavior when they know definitely what is required and what they must do. Meantime, managers should make sure that the task is attainable and realistic. For instance, if manager ask to sell all the goods which are out of demand due to season change or the market is full of such goods. It is rather difficult task which can not be reached. Furthermore, expectancy theory suggests that to motivate employees effectively, managers must pay attention to individual differences and preference for reward. Different workers value various kinds of rewards, so manager's task is to offer a reward, which employee will value. Employees are highly motivated when a good performance will lead to desired outcome. Individual differences also are very important. One employee might be a very active, socially confident, and enthusiastic who with pleasure takes difficult and innovative tasks. Another might be passive, calm and embarrassed who is afraid of challenging work. Next, managers convince employees that reward and performance are closely tied. Allowing employees to believe that a good performance lead to high performance. Employees are more motivated to do the task, when they a confident that their efforts will be rewarded. One more suggestion for managers, they should recognize that employees in a good mood do better performance. An employee who is tired, exhausted and afflicted has lower motivation than person in joyful mood. The person in a great mood has better link between effort and performance and also there is much great belief that performance lead to valued reward or outcome. Managers should provide employees with safe and pleasant work environment, as well as, avoid stressful situations. Further, employee must have a good understanding of role perception in the company. Also they must know why set goals should be reached and why it is so important. Employees should be confident that their efforts are not misdirected and wasted.

Lastly, to raise the motivation among employees leader should eradicate factors which are in resistance to the effectiveness. For example, conflicts between the group members or unfriendly work environment may result in loose o本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。