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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-08-04编辑:felicia点击率:16652
论文字数:7359论文编号:org201408032116313232语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:马拉松生物力学marathonanatomical differencesbiomechanics
摘要:本文是一篇美国留学论文。人类物种是与其他灵长类动物相比有更大的耐力,拥有慢跑的潜力。长距离运行的能力是现代人体解剖学的驱动力。本文具体分析了生物力学中男性和女性马拉松运动员的机体区别。马拉松是一种有组织的跑步运动,本文主要分析生物力学在体育运动中的应用。
Bartold (2004) adds to the literature on the differences inrequirements for athletic shoes for men and women. He claims thatrunning footwear is largely designed and manufactured for malerunners, making little recognition that women have significant injuryissues compared to men.' Although Bartold acknowledges that reasons forinjuries are not scientifically established, he indicates thatproposals have been made that known differences in structure maypredispose female athletes to differences in running mechanics, andthese differences may lead to specific injuries,' continuing by statingthat [a]necdotally, we have excellent evidence [that] the particularbiomechanics of female athletes and the way they run predisposes themto specific injury patterns.'
With regard to injuries, Parfit (1994) compared running injuries ofmiddle distance runners and marathon runners, concluding that thelatter incur more injuries when compared to the former (approximatelyeighty-two percent for middle distance runners compared to ninety-sevenpercent for marathoners). Acknowledging validity questions due to smallrunner populations studied and lack of injury definitions, Parfit foundthat whilst marathon runners suffered from back problems and hipailments, middle distance runners were more susceptible to kneeproblems, stress fractures, and shin splints.'
Certain types of knee, shoulder and back injuries are more commonin females and can in part be attributed to differences in body shapeand biomechanics,' reports Glasgow, Scotland’s Daily Record (2004).Taunton et al. (2002) found that there were significant differencesbetween running injuries incurred by men and women. According to thisstudy, knee injuries seemed to be the most common injury in both sexeswith men experiencing higher incidences of the following injuries (thefirst percentage shown in parenthesis is for men; the second forwomen):
• - plantar fasciitis, an injury to the fascia connective tissue on the bottom of the foot (54%/46%);
• - meniscal injury, a condition in the knee cartilage that acts ascushion between the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia) (69%/31%);
• - patellar tendinopathy, a rupture in the tendon that connects the kneecap to the tibia (57%/43%);
• - Achilles tendinopathy, tendon pain or dysfunction in the muscle that connects the calf to the heel of the foot (58%/42%);
• - gastrocnemius injury, a condition in the largest, most prominentmuscle in the calf which allows for extending the foot and bending theknee (70%/30%);
• - adductor injury, a condition, such as a tear, in the muscle in the inner thigh (68%/32%); 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。