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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:本科毕业论文 Thesis登出时间:2014-08-04编辑:felicia点击率:16623
论文字数:7359论文编号:org201408032116313232语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:免费论文
关键词:马拉松生物力学marathonanatomical differencesbiomechanics
摘要:本文是一篇美国留学论文。人类物种是与其他灵长类动物相比有更大的耐力,拥有慢跑的潜力。长距离运行的能力是现代人体解剖学的驱动力。本文具体分析了生物力学中男性和女性马拉松运动员的机体区别。马拉松是一种有组织的跑步运动,本文主要分析生物力学在体育运动中的应用。
Definitions of the term marathon with comparisons to other types ofrunning were presented. This presentation began with a definition ofthe term running. Dollman’s (2003) work was used to show that formalrunning competitions are typically classified by the length of the run.Several reference sources as well as Pritchard’s work (1994) were usedto identify, then selectively define, types of foot racing todifferentiate marathon running from all other forms of organizedrunning activity for the purpose of this essay. A brief history of themarathon, tracing the name to ancient Greek times and the origins ofthe organized sport itself to the late nineteenth century, was providedusing various reference sources. Based on the works of Blaikie (n. d.)and Meyers (2002), the concept of a new form of extreme marathon—theultramarathon—was described.
The review of the literature revealed an assortment of definitionsfor the term biomechanics from reference sources, academicinstitutions, researchers, consultants, and runners’ associationsincluding those from The American Heritage Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage (2000), The Hutchinson Encylopedia (2003), The University ofCalgary (n. d.), Freivalds (2004), Snowden (2001), the NationalEndurance & Sports Trainers Association (2005), and the QuinticConsultancy Ltd. (2005). Not surprisingly, all definitions in some waylink the disciplines of mechanics and anatomy reflecting the Greekorigin of the term biomechanics—bios meaning life and mekhanikimeaning mechanics' (Quintic Consultancy Ltd., 2005). Knudson (2003)explained how the emphasis on anatomy and mechanics has shifted backand forth since the establishment of biomechanics as a discipline. TheQuintic Consultancy’s work (2005) was used to introduce a sub-specialtyof biomechanics known as sports biomechanics, which studies theeffects of various forces on the sports performer.' The AustralianSports Commission’s work (n. d.) introduced applied sports biomechanicsfocusing on improving performance and preventing injury. Williams(2003) described how biomechanics can be used in improving theperformance of marathon runners, and he offered various biomechanicalstrategies.
The material presented to this point provided a solid foundationfor reviewing existing literature on biomechanical differences betweenmale and female marathon runners with references to other types ofrunning and sports activities as appropriate. The review of theliterature began with the work of Holschen (2004) who explained thereasons for women having received too little attention in athleticresearch. The lack of available research, specifically on womenmarathoners, somewhat constrained the current review of the literature.
A summary of Holden’s writings (2004) on performance of female runnersvis-à-vis male runners was presented first, indicating that a female’ssmaller body provides an edge in endurance, but that men can run tenpercent faster. Seiler (1996) suggested that physiological differencesbetween men and women impact the performance of females in all agegroups, confirming the ten percent edge that men have in marathonrunning times. He researched gender differences between men and womenin terms of maximal oxygen consumption, the 本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。