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s virtually indistinguishable from the next, have been avoided. Koolhaas himself acknowledges that there is a discrepancy between his writings and his practice of architecture, “There is an enormous, deliberate, and - I think - healthy discrepancy between what I write and what I do.”. Would people accept having one generic city as a country? Why would people rather live in this city than in suburbia? These are obviously questions that are impossible to answer in the time that OMA would have allocated to this study. But subsequent work has not tackled these issues either.

“The officials and authorities in the Netherlands need to show a bit of courage, and start to think and act on a larger scale. We have to leave our parochial outlook behind”[33]

Influence on Planning Policy and Similar Projects

Planning Policy

In 2008 the Randstad had a population of seven million; 45% of the total population on 26% of the country’s land area. Estimates on the development of the Randstad indicate that a significant demand for housing still needs to be met; a standard rate of 15% of the current housing supply which could increase to 30% if rapid growth is to occur.[34] These figures indicate that the general concerns about space shortages and urban sprawl still remain high, like they were in 1993. Is the government now approaching this problem with a more regulated and realistic plan that would stifle these concerns?

In the report entitled Randstad 2040, the Dutch government states that it currently places greater emphasis on cities and the concentration of urbanisation in the cities in the Randstad vision and that they are “concerned about rampant ‘urban clutter’ and the loss of green and open space.”[35] By adopting an approach of concentration and consolidation the government hopes to dispense with the need to identify new expansion locations. But they do declare that:

“should the future housing demand significantly exceed current estimates, new expansion locations will be developed in the following sequence:

- within existing built areas;

- adjacent to the cities in the northern and southern Randstad at relatively elevated locations that are situated favourably relative to infrastructure;

- locations further afield.”[36]

They also admit that housing demand will have to be met in less dense environments to comply with the various wishes of citizens and to be internationally competitive, which would therefore result in further sprawl. The Randstad 2040 policy also states that high-rise building in the cities must link in with densely populated urban locations, with due regard to cultural history and the perception of city and country from the viewpoint of surrounding, valuable landscapes. This means, for example, that high-rise building is inappropriate in national landscapes. 

As a result of this the true urban condition that OMA aim for is unattainable. Even though the ideology of the Green Heart as been dampened, there are still metaphorical images used to strengthen their argument: “The coast, IJsselmeer and the south western Delta are developing within this delta as the Randstad’s front garden, with 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。