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overnmental organization), DGSS (Dasoli Gram Swarajya Sangh), the women of the area, under the leadership of an activist, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, went into the forest and formed a circle around the trees preventing the men from cutting them down.

From their origins as a spontaneous protest against logging abuses in Uttar Pradesh in the Himalayas, supporters of the Chipko movement, mainly village women, have successfully banned the felling of trees in a number of regions and influenced natural resource policy in India. The success of the Chipko movement in the hills saved thousands of trees from being felled. [20]

Appiko Movement

The Appiko (——to embrace——) movement, started on September 8, 1983 by fiery activist Pandurang Hegde who was inspired by Sunderlal Bahugana’s Chipko movement in U.P., used the same method of villagers hugging the trees to save them from being felled by the State, which had no laws then against felling of timber inside protected areas. Appiko saved thousands of trees in the Sirsi belt and through protective action from 1983 to 1990 in various Western Ghat forests from Kodagu to Uttar Kannada districts saved trees from being felled and was responsible for the setting up of laws prohibiting timber felling in reserve forests in Karnataka. [21]

Narmada Bachao Andolan

Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is a non-governmental organisation (NGO) that mobilised tribal people, adivasis, farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river, Gujarat, India. It originally focused on the environmental issues related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water. Recently it has re-focused with the aim to enable the poor citizens especially the oustees to get the full rehabilitation facilities from the government. Their mode of campaign includes hunger strikes, mass media publicities, garnering support from noted film and art personalities etc. Narmada Bachao Andolan, together with its leading spokespersons Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, was the 1991 recipient of the Right Livelihood Award.

Centre for Science & Environment

The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) (founded in 1980) is an Indian non-governmental organization seeking to create public awareness in India about science, technology, the environment, and sustainable development. Their primary goal is to promote 'knowledge-based activism' throughout the Indian populace. The organization was founded in 1980 by the late Anil Agarwal. The current director is environmental activist Sunita Narain, a recent winner of the Padma Shri as well as other awards, who has worked at CSE since its foundation. The CSE is based in New Delhi, India and regularly publishes reports regarding the Indian environment. The CSE also publishes the magazine Down to Earth and their main activities consist of communication for awareness research and advocacy, education and training, documentation, pollution monitoring.

Many other movements such as Mitti Bachao Andolan, Koel Karo Andolan, Stop the building of Tehri Dam to preserve the Bhagirathi River, etc. has been initiated by the people in order to save their livelihood and in turn preserve the environment. Many of these movements have came before the courts for the judiciary to give orders. The judiciary have more often than not favoured for the preserv