英语论文网

The Court issued several directions to deal with the problem.

Another case which has came up several times in front of the Supreme Court, is the one concerned with the deteriorating quality of air so as to protect the health of the people in Delhi, which is a part of Art.21, the Court has directed that the entire fleet of public transport buses be run on CNG and not diesel. The Court has put a ban on running of diesel buses in Delhi. [17]

A landmark judgment passed by the Supreme Court with regards to the preservation of forests was passed in T. N Godavarman Thirumulpad v Union of India [18] , where the Court the court froze all wood based industrial activity, reinforced the scope of the embargo on forest exploitation, issued detailed directions for the sustainable use of forests and created its own monitoring and implementation machinery through regional and state level communities. The case has no parallel, even by the expansive standards of India's pro-active judiciary. The analysis is especially important in its impact in the North east region, where the wood based industries contribute substantially to the region's economy.

Various writ petitions have come before various Courts [19] in order to direct State to perform its duties in order to have a healthy environment to live in. The Courts have taken regulatory measures so as to make sure that the environment is pure and healthy, as promised under right to life with dignity under Art.21. Art. 21 in its ambit promises right to life and it includes right to pure environment as it is one of the basic essential to live a life in clean surroundings.

Hence, most of the cases coming up for consideration in front of judiciary are for the infringement of right to life under Art.21 and most invoked by writ petitions under Art.32 of the Constitution. Not many cases have come up under the various acts laid down for the preservation of environment and therefore there hasn’t been a huge amount of judicial activism in this regard. These Acts need to be implemented more so that preservation of environment can be done in a much better way.

ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN INDIA

Various environmental movements have been started since the 70’s for the preservation of environment with regards to forests, water etc. Some of the famous movements with regards to preservation of Environment are:

Chipko Movement

In the 1970s, an organized resistance to the destruction of forests spread throughout India and came to be known as the Chipko movement. The name of the movement comes from the word 'embrace', as the villagers hugged the trees, and prevented the contractors' from felling them. it began in the hills where the forests are the main source of livelihood, since agricultural activities cannot be carried out easily. The Chipko movement of 1973 was one of the most famous among these. The first Chipko action took place spontaneously in April 1973 in the village of Mandal in the upper Alakananda valley and over the next five years spread to many districts of the Himalayas in Uttar Pradesh. It was sparked off by the government's decision to allot a plot of forest area in the Alaknanda valley to a sports goods company. This angered the villagers because their similar demand to use wood for making agricultural tools had been earlier denied. With encouragement from a local NGO (non-g