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The expatriate management literature has shown that expatriate adjustment correlates with expatriate overseas performance and their completion of the overseas assignments. It has also been found to link with job satisfaction and psychological well-being (Aryee & Stone, 1996; Bhaskar-Shrinivas et al., 2005). Expatriates play an important role as an intermediary between headquarters and a distant subsidiary. Their performance and well-being directly influence the organization's overseas operations. To meet the increasing demand for expatriates along with the globalization process in the past 50 years, numerous studies have specified and tested individual, job, organization and environment level antecedents, as well as, contextual factors such as family adjustment, organizational support, social support, and social networks related to expatriate adjustment and effectiveness (for a review see Bhaskar-Shrinivas et al., 2005; Harrison et al., 2004; Hechanova et al., 2003, Thomas, 1998; Thomas & Lazarova, 2006). As these data indicate expatriate management research has experienced rapid development, especially during the last decade.

The data from our co-citation network analysis indicates that expatriate management research has progressed through initializing, forming and developing stages and has become an independent and popular research field. The number of studies and their citation experienced a stable period until about 1985 when there was a noticeable trend upwards in expatriate research. The last decade has seen an exponential rise in the number of articles and citations. Our analyses have demonstrated dominant authors in the field and we have briefly summarized some of their contributions. The most stable results were found for the articles in Stage 2. The articles in Stage 1 are precursors to the field's development and the articles in Stage 3 still need time to have a sustained impact on the expatriate management field. Due to the time lag of citations, it is not surprising to find only one article from Stage 3 with a high centrality rating. There are certainly a lot of influential and fundamental studies in Stage 3 that are influencing current and will influence future work. Those citations will influence future co-citation network studies.

We also ranked the most influential authors and journals in the field of expatriate management. As mentioned previously, these authors' publications are cornerstones of the field that lead the expatriate management studies to develop in a variety of directions. From the changes of top journals at the three different stages, we can see that studies in expatriate management have been published in top-tier journals and the major international-oriented journals, such as Journal of International Business Studies and International Journal of Human Resource Management, have become the major vehicles for expatriate management research.

Limitations

As is pointed out by White and McCain (1998), the author co-citation analysis has its limitations. First, the citation image reflects only the use of a scholar's work by subsequent writers (including the scholar him-/her-self). Second, the author co-citation analysis only enables one to see a literature-based 本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。