英语论文网

Oil spills are widely distributed in the world. Once it is occurred, it can be directly threatening for people, marine life, animals and environments for a long time, as well as economic impact.

Oil spills can have serious effects on marine ecosystem. The thick oil which floats on the surface or sink to the bottom can contaminate plankton, algae, fish eggs and larvae. Those of these are the main food source for the fishes. Therefore, fish that feed on these organisms can subsequently become contaminated and it will pass through the food chain to other larger marine organisms like whale, dolphins and so on. [13] All the animals in the ocean depend on the plankton for survival. If it has destroyed, a lot of animal may become extinct.

Wild life was the next worst effect after the marine life. Many components of spill likes liquid oil, emulsions, particles and tar balls have physical effects to wildlife. Birds will coat with oil when they float on the water surface. Whether it is thin coat of oil on their bodies or not, it can cause the birds lose the ability to fly and eventually lead to drowning or loose body heat rapidly. [14] Other animals, like sea turtles and sea lion may ingest tar ball and particles while breathing or feeding at or near the surface. The toxic will physically block their respiration and feeding.

The disaster also harms the commercial fisheries. Most of the people living near the sea work as the fishermen. Fishing is the major economic activity of them. After the spill, residents were ban to fishing and the herring fisheries have to close. This incident causes million dollar losses not only to fishermen but also the area’s important fish processing industry. [15]

The wealth of abundant wildlife and fish and impressive scenery has attached people to the area of Prince William Sound. The magnificent scenery offers visitors for rafting, fishing, hiking, hunting and so on. However, as a result of oil spill, all of these activities were banned and accessing to beaches was also frozen. Tourism moved or cancelled their destination from the affected areas to those that were safer. As a result, a lot of visitor center has lost so much money.

The long term effects of the spill area may result from food chain and habitat disruption as well as from reduction of reproductive capability of animals. [16] It has also been reported in research that oiled birds that have been rehabilitated successfully remain in a state of lower health and continue to suffer impairment in survivability as well as behavioural changes. [17]

Oil spills are always bad news for the environment. The severity of environmental damages caused by a particular oil spill depends on many factors, including the amount of the oil spilled, the type and weight of the oil, the location of the spill, the species of wildlife in the area, the timing or breeding cycles and seasonal migrations, and even the weather at sea during and immediately after the oil spill.

The 1989 Valdez accident is deeply regretted by the Exxon Mobil Company. Since that spill, several significant improvements have been made in oil spill prevent本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。