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According to the Oil Pollution Act of 1990, there are required two escort vessels accompany oil tankers in Prince William Sound, Alaska [18]. There are currently have 11 tugs on standby in the system to share the escort duties. Apart from watching and escorting the tankers, tugs also capable to assist each other in case of emergency. During the Valdez’s incident, there was only one escort vessel guide the tanker through the Valdez Narrows.

However, Exxon Mobil has implemented a lot of training to improve and prevent the Valdez case from happening again. For the example, Exxon Mobil has provided training program for vessel captains and pilots. A specially trained and experience pilots required onboard the ship for the entire crossing through the Sound. [19]

As part of the Pollution Act of 1990, the congress required all the tankers enter to the Prince William Sound need to be double hulled and double bottom by the year 2015. After the accident of Valdez oil spill, Exxon has implemented double hulled to almost all of their tankers. The amount of oil spill would have been reduced if the Exxon Valdez had had a double hulled structure. As double hulled structure can be said that able to prevent or reduce oil spill.[19]

Moreover, Exxon Mobil has implemented Operation Integrity Management System (OIMS) in order to improve their company system. With the risk assessment management in OIMS, everybody in ExxonMobil is able to understand and aware for the risks of safety, health, environmental and security, thus it can help to reduce the risk. In the risk management system, hazards also are able to identify easily, so that prevention can be take place immediately. For this reason, Exxon Mobil has organized drug and alcohol testing programs for safety sensitive positions. Other than that, they are also restricted safety-sensitive positions to their employees with no history of substance abuse. [20]

With the improvement done in Exxon, it can be said that Exxon has done a good job in overall. Perhaps Exxon and other oil companies can implement new improvement system in order to enhance the current improvement system as it is still not a perfect improvement. We still able to see the oil spill incident still exist nowadays, as example the oil spilled in Mexico Gulf recently. [ ]

The Exxon Valdez oil spill disaster had led to extreme environments, economic, and social impacts in the area of the oil spills. Although a lot of improvement and changes have done, Exxon Mobil should take this tragedy as a remembrance and wipe out it forever. For other oil company, they must also aware for this and prevent this similar mishap from occurring. Don’t wait something goes wrong, we just mess with it.

The company’s objectives for each oil company are very important. They must put the environment protection as a priority rather than focus on their profitability first. The company management must carry out the yearly or periodical review of all environment objectives and to ensure its continuing suitability and effectiveness.

Finally, government must step in and impose severe regulation on oil companies to prevent this本论文由英语论文网提供整理，提供论文代写，英语论文代写，代写论文，代写英语论文，代写留学生论文，代写英文论文，留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。