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论文作者:www.51lunwen.org论文属性:硕士毕业论文 thesis登出时间:2014-06-05编辑:lgg点击率:3407
论文字数:36100论文编号:org201406051250079529语种:英语 English地区:中国价格:$ 66
摘要:Relative clauses which are universal in languages of the world, have uniquesyntactic properties, and are frequent in everyday use of language (Izumi 2003). It hasbeen studied for pedagogical, linguistic and psychological purposes by a considerablenumber of researchers.
Chapter One Literature Review
1.1 Language Attrition
To give a detailed description of language attrition, the definition and classificationof attrition is given in this section, followed by an introduction of the factors affectinglanguage attrition as well as theoretical explanations for language attrition. Language attrition is a multi-dimensional phenomenon which has been studied froma variety of perspectives (for example, neurolinguistics,foreign language teaching,sociolinguistics,and psycholinguistics). Ever since the emergence of this branch oflinguistics, the terminology employed vary among different researchers in accordancewith their different emphases. It is not until Lambert published The Loss of LanguageSkills (Lambert & Freed 1982) that the term “language attrition” becomes the mostprevalently accepted one in the field of linguistic research. Since then, a great many scholars have tried to clarify the definition of attrition fromdifferent perspectives. Some scholars emphasize the differentiation of three most popularterms, namely language loss,language shift and language attrition. Crystal (1987: 424)defines language shift as "a permanent change in the person's choice of language foreveryday purposes especially as a result of an immigrant movement”,and language lossas "the gradual loss of ability to use a language, for example, in immigrant situations". InDe Bot & Weltens's (1995) opinion,language loss is a more general term that refers tothe decline in all types of language skills in both speech communities and individuals;language shift denotes the loss of linguistic skills between generations; and languageattrition is a more specific term referring to the loss of skills in individual #ver time (DeBot & Welten 1995: 151). Inspired by them, Hansen (2001) also clarifies the distinctionbetween language loss and attrition from the same perspective. She explains that"language loss is a general term applied to any instance of the decline of linguistic skills,whether of individuals or speech communities. Language attrition refers to the gradualforgetting of a language by individual attriters, persons who are experiencing attrition"(Hansen 2001: 61). Schmid (2002) favors Weltens's (1995) distinction between languageshift and attrition when he regards language shift as an intergenerational phenomenon,while language attrition occurs within individuals.
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1.2 Relative
Relative clauses which are universal in languages of the world, have unique ntactic properties, and are frequent in everyday use of language (Izumi 2003). It hasbeen studied for pedagogical, linguistic and psychological purposes by a considerablenumber of researchers (for example, Hawkins 1989; Izumi 2003; Tahriri & Sadighi 2006) Relative clauses are one of the universal grammatical structures which appear inalmost all the languages in the world.In the past three decades, a great many researchers have proposed various versionsof the definition of English relative clauses from different aspects. Among them,Hartmann & Stork (1972) generally define relative clauses as "subordinate clausesintroduced by relative pronouns or adverbs,,. His definition is concise and convincing,but can only be applied to the languages whose relative clause formation resembles thatof English. By investigating o本论文由英语论文网提供整理,提供论文代写,英语论文代写,代写论文,代写英语论文,代写留学生论文,代写英文论文,留学生论文代写相关核心关键词搜索。